In Ozymandias the subject of the passing of time is different to :: English Literature

In Ozymandias the subject of the passing of time is different to Coy Mistress Compare the ways in which the poems you have studied deal with the passing of time. All the three poems deal with the subject of the passing of time in different ways. In â€Å" His Coy Mistress† Marvell uses time to say let us form a sexual relationship together by saying â€Å"Had we but world enough, and time, This coyness, Lady, were no crime† which means if we had all the time in the world we could do whatever we wanted to do. But we don’t have all the time so let us form the relationship now. In â€Å"Ozymandias† the subject of the passing of time is different to â€Å"Coy Mistress† because the poet is saying no tyranny can beat time. This is symbolised by the statue in the poem. The reason it is different is because it’s not saying marry me of have a relationship it is shown by the statue. In â€Å" To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time is similar to â€Å"Coy Mistress† because the poet is speaking to the women by saying â€Å"Then be not coy, but use your time, And while ye may go marry† which means don’t be shy use your time and whilst your are young go and marry. â€Å"To the Virgin† and â€Å"Coy Mistress† are different to â€Å"Ozymandias† because Ozymandias is about a time defeating human power and the other two poems are about love or human desire beating time. In â€Å"Coy Mistress, the poem has a soft touch. Marvell shows his intelligence by referring to exotic places for instance the Indian Ganges in his poem. He also uses biblical references like 'before the flood', which is supposed to represent the idea of Noah's Ark and how a big storm came causing a flood and animals dying. These hyperboles also include phrases like 'an hundred years,' 'two hundred,' and 'thirty thousand,' so that he can exaggerate his feelings and emotions. Metaphors used like 'winged chariot' which means to describe time, death hurrying near. 'Vegetable love' helps to expand the meaning and clarify his feeling and emotions that he has for his mistress. The idea of 'vegetable love' denotes the meaning about the ancient division of souls that they were vegetative, sensitive and rational. All the poems that I am studying were written in the era of metaphysical poetry (1590 - 1670). The idea of this style was that of exploring ideas through intricate and startling images. The themes of metaphysical poems are usually that of religion, love or wordplay. Metaphysical poems tend to have underlying themes, often written with

The Importance of Communication and Teamwork Among the Flight and Cabin

The Importance of Communication and Teamwork Among the Flight and Cabin Crew TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 4 INTRODUCTION 5 Background 5 Purpose/Audience 5 Sources 5 Limitaions 5 Scope 5 COLLECTED DATA 5 Importance of Communication Among the Crew 5 Main Cause of Aircraft Accidents 6 Duties of the Crew Members 7 Expectations of the Crew 7 The Crew is a Team 8 Intimidatin in the Cockpit 8 Cabin Crew is a part of the Team 9 Trusting the Crew's Judgment 9 Crew Resource Management (CRM) 9 Outline of CRM Training 10 LOFT Training 10 Organizing Resources and Priorities 11 CONCLUSION 11 Summary of Findings 11 Interpretation of Findings 11 REFERENCES 13 ABSTRACT The majority of aircraft accidents are caused by human error, and an accident or incident is linked together by a chain of errors. Most of these accidents could have been avoided by the crew if they would have been communicating to each other better. Some common errors that occur among the crew are poor task delegation, assertiveness, and distractions. Crew training in communication and teamwork will increase the crews' performance level. Programs like Crew Resource Management (CRM) have been developed to try to help the crews work together and reduce the human factor in accidents. CRM includes training in leadership/followership, assertiveness, management, communication, teamwork, decision making, and task delegation. Through programs like CRM crews learn to work together as a team, and when they are working together it is less likely there'll be an accident. INTORDUCTION Background The cause for most aircraft accidents (65%) are by crew error (FAA News, 1996). When the Crews performance level is low due to poor teamwork and communication this is when accidents happen. How can crew error be reduced? Even though human error can't be reduced completely through constant training and effort by the crew performance will increase and accidents will be reduced. Purpose/Audience This report is intended for a general audience and will show how important it is for the flight and cabin crew to work together and communicate as a team. This report will also examine the CRM program. Sources Sources have been obtained for this report from the Internet and from the Waldo Library, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Mich... ...grams like CRM are very helpful in instilling these principles and breaking the bad habits. Poor attitiudes and habits can't be changed overnight. That's why there is a need for recurrent CRM training. Communicaiton and teamwork is the key to safe and effective operations. There's no "I" in CREW but there is "WE". REFERENCES Chute, R. D. & Wiener, E. L. "Cockpit/cabin communication: I. A tale of two cultures." [http://olias.arc.nasa.gov/personnel/people/RebeccaChute/JA1.htm.]. Oct 1996. Federal Aviation Administration. (1995) Crew resource management training (AFS- 210, AC no. 120-51B). Washington, D. C. Nader, R. & Smith, W. J. (1994). Collision course: The truth about airline safety. PA: TAB Books. FAA News. "Atlantic coast airlines first to use FAA crew performance program." [http://www.dot.gov/affairs/apa15596.htm]. Sept 1996. Helmreich, R. L. "The evolution of crew resource management." [http://www.psy.utexas.edu/psy/helmreich/iata96/htm]. Oct 1996. Chute, R. D. & Wiener, E. L. (1996). Cockpit-cabin communicaiton: II. shall we tell the pilot? The International Journal of Aviaiton Phychology, 6 (3), 211- -229

Society Does Emphasis on Phsycal Appearance

Beauty and Vibrancy It is important to take care of yourself and try to look your best. Letting your looks go or becoming unhealthy and sloppy is unappealing and disrespectful to yourself and those you love. On the other hand, when people focus exclusively on how they look in a vain effort to seek validation, they lose a certain vibrancy that comes from depth and self-confidence. In today’s society of never-ending nips and tucks, we forget that the essence of beauty stems from a person’s inner vitality and depth. Vitality often results from leading a multi-dimensional life that involves pursuing one’s passions, being creative, having purpose, and carrying on meaningful relationships. Demeanor True beauty is reflected more by demeanor than by a person’s perfect features. In his autobiography, Alan Alda describes being backstage watching an actress play the part of a hideous woman. Alda thought the actress was perfect for the part—she was ugly, had thick fingers, no neck, and a pudgy nose. He was shocked when in the last act, she transformed into a beautiful woman without any change in makeup. Her fingers and neck actually became slender and long, and her face suddenly looked regal. He realized that the most dramatic transformation comes from the way people hold themselves. Self-Assurance Attractiveness is also a reflection of how we view ourselves. I have a cousin who has a long scar down one side of his face from an accident. When he was a teenager, his father told him that he looked disfigured and pressured him to get plastic surgery. Embarrassed by his scar, he decided to get the surgery. A few days beforehand, his sister in law—a British catwalk model whom he adored—caught sight of him looking in the mirror while covering the â€Å"damaged† side of his face with shaving cream to see how it would look if it were gone. When he told her about the impending surgery, she leaned toward him and whispered emphatically, â€Å"Don’t do it. It’s dreadfully sexy. † Her comment transformed the way he viewed his physical appearance, and needless to say, he kept the scar as an asset. Why People Seek Beauty Being admired for being attractive feels good. When something feels good, it’s easy to want more of it, whether it’s beauty, wealth, popularity, fame, food, or wine. A dentist once told me â€Å"You can never be too beautiful or too rich. † Yet, there is a point where too much focus on beauty (or anything else) tragically takes away from other important facets of your life. Desperate efforts to look young or sexy sends the message that you have nothing to offer but your youth and beauty. A person with perfect features and flawless skin who feels insecure and resentful cannot, and does not, radiate beauty, only anxiety. When people start â€Å"running for their lives†Ã¢â‚¬â€i. . , running to plastic surgeons biannually, the message they send is one of fear and insecurity. There will always be younger and more beautiful people, so why not appreciate and cultivate greater depth and breadth within ourselves? How others view you does not lead to fulfillment. Too much emphasis on our looks steals from us th e enjoyment of many other pursuits—intellectual, athletic, and spiritual, for example. How we look has little to do with the fulfillment that comes from meaningful relationships, humor, and creativity, as well as from work, wisdom, solitude, and philanthropy. Skin-deep beauty, particularly if manufactured, will only attract others who are not interested in much else. Lacking depth and substance, even the most gorgeous woman or handsome man will receive only superficial and short-term interest from others, usually from people looking for a hot evening, a trophy wife, or a cabana boy. Self-Presentation Imagine being extremely beautiful or handsome, and receiving endless adulation. Although the attention may feel good, it can also create increased dependency on other people’s opinion of how you appear. This dependency develops into a tendency toward self-presentation, that is, presenting only the parts of yourself that will get a desired reaction. You become afraid of developing wrinkles—even smile wrinkles–or showing up without makeup. Your fear of losing admiration has the paradoxical impact of increasing fear of rejection about aspects of yourself that remain undisclosed—other interests and ideas. The interesting thing about beauty is that there isn’t one measure for it, even in one short lifetime. Styles of clothes change, as do the concepts of beauty. The emaciated look may be in now, but not historically so. In â€Å"Fiddler on the Roof,† one of the lines is â€Å"If I were a rich man, my wife would have a double chin. † Historical excesses in forced or artificial beauty point to the transitory nature of our own current preferences: African or South American wooden plugs in ear lobes to stretch out the lobes; the old Chinese custom of binding little girls’ feet to keep them small; the Poof, made popular by Marie Antoinette, whose hairdresser piled pads and pomades to raise the hair three feet high—all come and gone. Beauty care customs that are often viewed as â€Å"must-have† in their time can seem almost ludicrous by other cultures in a later era. But at the time, beauty products are endowed with the promise of helping us conform with current trends. Attitude In reality, true beauty is without artifice. Your character eventually shines through any amount of make up or plastic surgery. The way you treat others is remembered always, no matter how flawless your complexion. I’m all for continuing to do things that will preserve or enhance what nature has given us—that may include having work done for some. But the key lies in choosing a positive attitude about life rather than allowing desperation to take over. Knowing and accepting our aging process liberates us to pursue our life through our own lens, not someone else’s. Acceptance and confidence in yourself can sustain passion in a relationship better than liposuction and restilin. With each year, the inner self expresses itself more strongly in each line and wrinkle. It becomes impossible to hide your true self. Each person has his or her own individual passions and life experiences that are often best reflected in those very wrinkles we abhor. If we choose to have the expression of our life erased, what does that say about ourselves? Modified or not, the face becomes the true mirror of the soul. We tend to replicate objects we consider beautiful because it can make us feel better about ourselves. Surrounding ourselves with beauty and/or making ourselves look beautiful can help one boost up there self esteem and confidence. By replicating beauty it shows that one is not strong enough to show public who he/she really is. Replicating beauty is a shield to hide ones real self and personality, and modeling themselves to fit within the standards placed on them by society. Certain things such as makeup and accessories usually used by women, to replicate beauty are usually used to hide ones inner self. These items are to hide ones true beauty and to show a beauty that is more popular or fashionable to fit in with society. Society may have their own view of beauty, for example nice facial complexion, a certain body size and a certain way to act. See beauty can be judged on many bases but reality has made man perceive it as only physical. Society has gone so far in replicating objects we consider beautiful that they have gone to all extremes. Items such as a nice expensive car or a huge house are used for one to feel that they are surrounded by beauty. These items are usually used as a footstone to make someone feel better about them and also expect a certain reward or treatment from others because of the items of huge financial status. People want society to judge them on the objects they have as if these objects provide them with the beauty they have worked so hard to replicate. They are often scared that people may not like them for who they really are and instead hide behind these items.

Mis in Microfinance

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION dodge FOR MICROFINANCE ABSTRACT ICT give the bounce be a strategic tool in fashioning Microfinance ground deeds (MFIs) more than(prenominal)(prenominal) expeditious and effective. MFIs send packing execute more people in a more economic bureau by implementing the justifiedly Management study dodging (MIS). While a few MFIs be making good intake of engineering, the volume be facing difficulties in string the right etymon. Reasons for this allow * Insufficient presidencyal and compassionate mental object * Unavailability of equal MIS applications for microfinance * revolution in personal line of credit processes and browse reassigns in procedures * Risk of failure of the MIS Diversity of geography and language * Unavailability of vendors and their qualification to implement and support IT ascendents * High damage of IT solutions for MFIs * Lack of commitment of management and find decisiveness- settlers at bottom an MFI * Lac k of aw argonness closely the importance of IT The back-office MIS is the backbone of each reading placement solution and moreover it has non received much attention. MFIs, whether largish or teeny-weeny, need to ca-ca a beardown(prenominal) back-office MIS forwards attempting to deploy any move front-end applications or spoken language channels.These would be no-count without having a strong and tensile back-office MIS in place. INTRODUCTION Management schooling dodgings (MIS) contri thate played a key social function in the traditional banking sector for years, wholly when microfinance institutions adjudge been much slower to implement this applied science, primarily due to bud make growing short autumns. A2009 CGAP study found that many microfinance institutions lack well-functioning entropy bodys that would enable them to grow into vigorous institutions. technology was accordantly cited as one of the sterling(prenominal) challenges facing MFIs.Over the last several years, however, more and more MFIs have begun implementing training systems, which has the effectiveness to provide several benefits to the industry as a whole and to MFIs in specific ranging from loan bring in to majusculeer hydrofoil and risk management. Management culture systems atomic snatch 18 essentially applications which enable an institution to erupt organize its info for the purposes of decision-making, aptitude, and external account. classa than hidden within a quid of manila folders, the info is crisp, up to date, and presented in a compelling and practical form.Benefits include easier cash-flow management and forecasting, by the way information regarding portfolio risk, legitimate time exploit updates, more efficient accounting procedures, and simplified external reporting. In sum, a good MIS idler gain an cheeks expertness and decrement its operating costs. The biggest hurdle to the utilization of such(prenominal) technologie s among MFIs has been the prohibitively extravagantly cost of purchase and implementation. The CGAP survey found that a studyity of MFIs use both custom-built or off-the-shelf systems to track their portfolios.But a youthful innovation,SaaS(Softwargon as a Service), has been changing that. typically the SaaS softw be vendor hosts the application on its web lotrs, which the customer nates transfer on his mobile device or computer terminal on an on-demand basis. This system provides MFIs 24/7 access from anyplace in the globe, real time information, entropy security and automatic backup. With an SaaS system an nerve pays monthly rent, or in several(prenominal) cases a variable slant based on usage levels, for access to the softw atomic number 18 providers application.Instead of purchase the softw ar and use it in isolation, the purchaser gains access to the providers online cloud, and hire the internet to deposit, organize, and access their information. With this c hanged cost anatomical anatomical coordinate, more and more MFIs have been able to flux MIS into their organizational structure. SaaS technology is designed to serve inter bailiwick microfinance nedeucerks, such as chance International, as well as national MFI forkinges, such asCresa monetary go in India. Accordingly, SaaS services be rising as the MIS model of choice for microfinance institutions.Difficulties in Adopting MIS A number of MIS solutions argon acclivitous. Currently, in that respect ar 56 MIS applications listed on the CGAP website, although more atomic number 18 organism apply by various organizations that atomic number 18 non publicized. in spite of the advances in MIS, practical experience shows that the acquirement of a suitable MIS is non simple. some MFIs argon struggling with their MIS. slightly of the reasons for these difficulties argon * Microfinance operations be unique and complex, compared to commercial, retail banking. The Microfin ance sector is still evolving and lacks standardization in its procedures, methodologies, customer characteristics, type of transactions and reporting. * thither is no of-the-shelf software in stock(predicate) that fire address the destinys of every MFI. * Those MIS that are on tap(predicate) are complex and costly for sufferance by MFIs. * MFIs lack human and organizational capacity to develop or lease an appropriate MIS. * MFIs operate in contrasted and difficult areas where communication and power theme do not exist and are at that placefore constrained from using IT equipment inevitable to unpick MIS applications.Outlook of MFIs It is evident that the MFIs around the world are diverse in their structure and practices. Following are some of the factors that state MFIs from each different 1. Type of organization * NGO * MFI (non-regulate) * Regulated MF Institution * Microfinance banks 2. Type of Products and Services * Minimalists (those who offer only credit servic es) * Loans as well as savings services * Full begin of products (including loans, deposits, remittance, insurance, leasing and social services) 3. Organizational Structure * disunite setup ( minuscular, medium and large) Staff structure * Departments (cost centre and profit centre) 4. Geography * realm specific (operations are limited to a small area) * Country specific (operations are spread over an entire country) * spheric operations (operating in multiple countries) 5. running(a) Environment * Rural areas * Urban areas * another(prenominal) 6. Processes and procedures * Models (associations, cooperatives, credit unions, Grameen, etc. ) 7. Regulatory surroundings 8. Reporting * Management reporting * Stakeholder reporting * Microfinance interlocks and peer group reporting Information Systems employ by MFIsThe microfinance sector is also quite diverse in its use of information systems. Generally there are the following three types 1. Manual System Some MFIs still rely o n manual systems, which involve maintenance of records in forms and ledgers. Organizations having manual systems are either small micro-credit programs or NGOs. 2. Semi-automated System More than 50% of MFIs are operating in a semi-automated mode. Within this stratum, the spreadsheet is the common tool being utilize either in coincidence with a manual system or with an MIS application that does not fulfill the information requirements of the MFI.The volume of non-regulated MFIs have semi-automated systems. 3. Fully machine-controlled System Few MFIs are favourable nice to have a fully automated and integrated MIS, fulfilling the whole information requirements of the organization. Such systems are existent with banks or regulated MFIs. Disadvantage of manual systems Some of the disadvantages of manual Information Systems are * alike laborious and time consuming. * Prone to Errors. * entropy manipulation and analysis is very difficult. * fear of large amount of data is near impossible. * Data and information is not secured. in the main controlled. * Highly inflexible (addition of new products and change in bloodline processes). Benefits of computerized MIS to Microfinance thither is no doubt that the right information at the right time at the right place, is crucial in decision making. Therefore, information and data is considered among the to the highest degree valuable assets fundamental to the graspr of an organization. The primary roles of the MIS are to capture information, create new information, parentage information, and convey information to the substance abuser. The two major objectives of MFIs are Outreach and Sustainability.MIS can add square(p) value in achieving both the objectives * A major advantage of MIS is that it provides escaped access to accurate and up-to-date information. For example, loan officers get information on loans that need follow-up, branch managers can monitor daily be on of the branch, and senior managemen t can get a full record of the portfolio motion and quality. Customers also get quick information on their accounts, payments and balances. * Detailed information is captured on customers and their activities that can then be used to quantify node melody to assess impact.It is also useful in tracking historical information of clients. * Activities, such as disbursements, repayments, deposits, withdrawals and money transfers are completed faster, unwrap controlled and with minimum opportunity for errors. * Information is produced in user-required formats, which facilitates better understanding, setting priorities, objectives and strategy. * Key performance indicators provide an overview of the organizations performance, efficiency and effectiveness of business procedures so that timely adjustments can be make. * Use of ICT tendings make MFI services more interactive, accessible and transparent. In terms of innovation, ICT provides full flexibility to structure products and se rvices to the take of its target group. * aptitude and productivity of staff is increased, as they are able to manage more products, customers, and transactions in less time. integrating and integrating With the growth and advancement of the microfinance industry, new innovations are being witnessed. Among these innovations, technology-based spoken communication channels and mechanisms are creating opportunities as well as increase the competitive environment for MFIs.These channels are not only targeted at get down transaction costs and extending the reach of MFIs to large populations, but are also cogitate around customer convenience. These technology-based mechanisms enhance efficiency of the MFIs, while posing substantial challenges in managing such technologies. One of the main challenges is that of consolidation and consolidation. It is essential that the back office MIS has the flexibility to integrate with such systems. The back-office MIS has received petite atte ntion within the sector.The general erudition is that new technology based delivery systems would easily integrate with the heart MIS, whereas in reality it is not that simple. Examples show that MFIs that have adopted such systems without assessment of their hollow out MIS are struggling to integrate these. Because of non-integration, MFIs fall back on electronic spreadsheets or manual procedures to prepare consolidated information. integration and consolidation are very of the essence(p) for MFIs and inability to integrate new scientific innovations holds them back, making them less rather than more efficient.Back-office MIS Starting Point for MFIs The backbone of any Information System (IS) is the core MIS as it holds the critical data, and manages the information. all told other systems are add-ons. A simple core MIS comprises of two parts I. Database data structure an unionised set of tables designed to the needs of the business. All data of the organization resides in these tables. ii. drill Software comprises of the user inter baptistery, business processes, procedures, reports and queries. digit 1 nitty-gritty MISAdopting an MIS is strategically eventful for MFIs. They need to undertake a protective(predicate) and detailed assessment of accepted and prox needs before committing to a crabby solution. Much of the systems flexibility, expandability, and robustness depend on the strength of the backend components. well-set core MIS can deliver cost-efficient integration of data, channels and processes, facilitating a hotshot consolidated view of the whole portfolio. sum MIS can provide easy data entry for the backend database, making consolidation easy to achieve.Various studies reveal that a large number of MFIs operate manual systems despite having some kind of MIS in place. One of the reasons the MIS does not cope with the changing needs of the organization is that the backend does not have the right structure. It is authorized for both the MFIs and microfinance software vendors to concentrate and assure the Core MIS. Figure 2 shows a radical structure for the Core MIS for microfinance Fig2 Core MIS for Microfinance Other Key Deciding Factors for IT SystemsWhile the MIS needs to fulfill the business requirements of the organization, but other factors including appropriate infrastructure and hardware are also important in the success and optimal utilization of information systems. We can categorize the components of an information system solution into five areas 1. Physical Architecture (Electricity/ supply & communication infrastructure) Physical architecture consists of basic wires or cables to gateways and powerhouses.Together with buildings, offices, and computers, the architecture provides services of voice, data, picture show and video transmission while the consistent power supply keeps everything live and running. all system needs electric power, and if systems are required to communicate, then the re must(prenominal) be an appropriate communication infrastructure. normally MFIs operate in remote and underdeveloped areas where this is lacking. 2. Network Three types of environment setups could be made. i. Standalone Environment MIS is run on individual(a) PCs and data is stored local anestheticly. ii.Local theater of operations Network (LAN) PCs are connected together to create a LAN. The network can be either peer-to-peer or client/ waiter. Desirable is the lymph node/server network where data is stored and divided up through a server in a secure way. iii. Wide theater Network (WAN) Branch offices and operation units can be connected through a WAN. It requires proper communication infrastructure and involves high cost to establishing a WAN. For online systems WAN is critical. 3. ironware Type of hardware depends on the network environment. A client-server environment requires server and leaf for connecting the workstations / PCs. . Database Generally databases can be categorized as local and client-server. Each category has its own strengths and fatiguednesses. These details can help MFIs in selecting the appropriate database i. Local databases there are a number of local databases but the most widely used databases are Microsoft Access, FoxPro, Paradox, and file maker. ii. Client/ innkeeper databases iii. nigh popular client/server databases also called enterprise databases include Oracle, DB2, SQL Server, Myself, Sybase, and Informix are some of the commonly used client/server databases 5. ApplicationA combination of business processes and procedures, user interface, reports and controls operate on top of the backend system. A large variety of software discipline and report generation tools are available and used to write software applications. acquiring the Right Fit MFIs face great challenges in choosing the right system solution that can best fit their business needs. An MIS for microfinance must have the following characteristics 1. sa lute effectiveness Total ownership and aliveness system operations costs, including hardware, software, network, infrastructure and human resource. . Functionality & flexibility Fulfill maximum of the current business requirement and flexible enough to incorporate future changes. Capture and come back relevant information on an individual, group, and at a consolidated level. 3. Reliability unelaborated and unreliable systems are dangerously crazy and can hamper the business. Such systems do not produce the right results and are unable to complete processes to the desired level. Users could be misguided by such systems. 4. bare(a) to use Should be user hearty and easy to setup and operate.Activities can be performed in a systematic way and flow. 5. Scalability System should accommodate changes to products, services and delivery channels. It should grow as the business grows. For example, if the system design is scalable, it can be run on an individual PC, Local theater of oper ations Network (LAN) or Wide Area Network (WAN). 6. Integration Combining data from multiple sources is of great importance to microfinance. Integration of branches to get single consolidated picture should be a priority. Challenges approach by MFIs * Microfinance is a rapidly changing industry. delinquent to the ongoing volution of the industry, MFIs face difficulty in defining business objectives, needs, priorities and limitations for acquisition of an MIS solution. There is lack of standardization within the microfinance sector, and business practices of MFIs differ from each other. Consequently, software developers face problems in coming-up with an MIS that can be used by most of the MFIs. Common failures are due to ill defined business process and procedures. * There is a deficit of skilled professionals who can understand technology as well as the microfinance industry, and be able to suggest the right solution.Such professionals can act as a pair in filling the gap sur rounded by use of ICT and microfinance operations * Majority of the MFIs do not have the technical capacity and required resources to understand, adopt and implement MIS solutions. * Most MIS solutions are not affordable to the legal age of MFIs. * In some cases there is a lack of vision and commitment from the management towards use of technology * Integration is sightly one of the big challenges, as most of the MIS solutions for microfinance are built on weak platforms, thus not being flexible and scalable enough to integrate with emerging technologies and delivery channels.Recommendations * FMFBs experience of adopting technology suggests that MFIs should invest in relevant technologies aft(prenominal) thorough and careful assessment of their requirements. The requirement should be addressed in posture of current needs and future plans. * So far the core MIS of MFIs has been neglected. MFIs should get their core MIS right before opting for any kind of delivery system. * The s oftware industry needs to do more in underdeveloped quality software for microfinance sector. * Capacity within institutions to manage technology is key to roaring implementation and operation of its MIS.MFIs should employ skilled IT professionals on their staff. * MFIs must adopt MIS solutions that not only meet their needs but are also manageable by the MFI from all aspects. In some cases small and medium size MFIs go beyond their needs in adopting an MIS that ultimately becomes a drain on their resources. Such systems cast down the organizations overall efficiency and ultimately their sustainability. * MFIs can get maximum benefit by investing in technology, and putting in a better MIS solution that works for them. MIS is a strategic investment for MFIs. * modern policies that make ICT accessible and affordable to the majority of the population are important for advance the use of ICT within microfinance and for the development of the microfinance sector. expiry The use of I CT can rightfully be to the strategic advantage of MFIs. Innovations in ICT have transformed traditional approaches to microfinance, facilitating growth and simplification cost. Some of the players have already started get the benefit by using MIS and uniform IT solutions, while the majority of the MFIs have yet to realize the importance of its use to achieve outreach and sustainability.The implementation of the right MIS still remains a big challenge face by MFIs. Efforts are also made from various corners of the world in overcoming these challenges. CGAPs Information System Support is a prudent initiative to assist MFIs in getting access to ICT, aligning their MIS and using the appropriate IT solution. One of the realizations is outset things first i. e. having an appropriate core MIS first before other systems keeping in principal the strategic importance of ICT to the microfinance industry, renewed efforts are required from all the stakeholders to overcome the challenges fa ced by the microfinance industry in winning on IT.References Cheryl Frankiewicz and published by CALMEADOW (2003). IT as a Strategic Tool for Microfinance in Africa ADB Releases (2005). Pakistan Economic Update Rao, M (2004), Microfinance & ICTs Exploring reciprocal Benefits and Synergy, Orbicom Firpo, J. (2005), Championing Scale in Microfinance Technologys Role in Delivering Accessible Financial Services to the Poor

Chapter 13 Guided Reading

Guided variation Chapter 13 Terms 1. Tropics- Areas with spicy humidness and temperatures 2. Monsoons- an overflow of water from rivers 3. Eco systems- communities of living things within a certain clim be 4. Bilad al-sudan- westbound Afri erect Judaic communities who were connected to cognise Jewish communities from the Middle East, trade union Africa, or Spain and Portugal. 5. Dhow either of various types of polling vessels used by Arabs on the east African, Arabian, and Indian shores, mainly lateen-rigged on two or three masts. 6. Swahili a member of a Bantu heap of Zanzibar and the neighboring sliding board of Africa.Also, Kiswahili, ki-Swahili. the Bantu language of the Swahili people, used alike as a lingua franca in Tanzania, Kenya, and part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. 7. Urdu- an authorised language of Pakistan, too rungn in India. The script derives primarily from Persia. It belongs to the Indic branch of the Indo-Germanic family of languag es, being closely related to Hindu but containing many Arabic and Persian loan words 8. Junks- Chinese Ships that can contain up to 40 gobs Places 9. Niger River the principal river of western Africa, extending about 4,180 km 10.Indus River is a major river which flows through with(predicate) Pakistan. It overly has courses through western Tibet (in China) and labor unionern India. 11. The gang a trans-boundary river of India and Bangladesh. The 1,569 mi river rises in the western Himalayas in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and flows south eastern and east through the Gangetic Plain of North India into Bangladesh, where it empties into the Bay of Bengal. 12. Mekong River- a river in southeastward Asia. is 4,350 km From the Tibetan Plateau this river runs through Chinas Yunnan province, Burma (Myanmar), Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. 13.Swahili chute-The Swahili swoop refers to the coast or coastal area of East Africa inhabited by the Swahili people, mainly Keny a, Tanzania, and north Mozambique. The term whitethorn also include the islands such as Zanzibar, Pate or Comoros which lie rancid the Swahili Coast. 14. Strait of malacca cane is a narrow, 805 km (500 mi) stretch of water amidst the Malay Peninsula and the Ind angiotensin-converting enzymesian island of Sumatra. It is named after the Malacca sultanate that command over the archipelago between 1414 and 1511. 15. Mogadishu the Maroc traveller Ibn Battutas appearance on the Somali coast in 1331, the city was at the zenith of its prosperity.He described Mogadishu as an extremely self-aggrandising city with many overflowing merchants, which was famous for its high quality textile that it ex mannered to Egypt, among other push throughs. He added that the city was control by a Somali sultan stockally from Berbera in northern Somalia who spoke two Somali and Arabic with comprise fluency. The Sultan also had a suite of wazirs (ministers), legal experts, commanders, royal e unuchs, and other cancelledicials at his beck and call. 16. Kilwa -Kilwa Kisiwani is a community on an island off the coast of East Africa, in return day Tanzania. 7. Aden In 1421, Chinas Ming dynasty Yongle Emperor request principal envoy grand eunuch Li Xing and grand eunuch cabbage Man of Zheng Hes fleet to convey an olympian edict with hats and robes to bestow on the nance of Aden. The envoys boarded three treasure ships and set sail from Sumatra to the port of Aden. This event was recorded in the book Ying-yai Sheng-lan by Ma Huan who attach to the imperial envoy 18. Malabar Coast The Malabar Coast is a long and narrow coastline on the south-western shore line of the mainland Indian subcontinent.Geographically, it comprises the wettest regions of Confederate India, as the double-uern Ghats intercept the moisture-laden monsoon rains, curiously on their westward-facing mountain slopes. The term Malabar Coast is also some whiles used in reference to the entire Indian c oast from the western coast of Konkan to the tip of the subcontinent at Cape Comorin. 19. Malacca the third smallest Malaysian state after Perlis and Penang. It is located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula, near to the Straits of Malacca. It borders Negeri Sembilan to the north and Johor to the south.Malacca was installed by Parameswara, also cognise as Iskandar Shah or Sri Majara, the give way Raja of Singapura (present day Singapore) following a Majapahit attack in 1377. He found his way to Malacca around 1400 where he found a good portit was accessible in all seasons and on the strategically located narrowest point of the Malacca Straits. 20. Timbuktu The first mention is by the Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta who visited twain Timbuktu and Kabara in 1353 when reversive from a stay in the superior of the Mali imperium. 25 Timbuktu was still relatively unimportant and Battuta chop-chop moved on to Gao.At the time both Timbuktu and Gao formed part of the Mali conglomerate. A snow and a half later, in around 1510, Leo Africanus visited Timbuktu. He gave a explanation of the town in his Descrittione dellAfrica which was published in 1550. 26 The original Italian was translated into a military issue of other languages and the book became widely know in atomic number 63. 27 empires/ grounds 21. Delhi seedless raisinte five short-lived dynasties, Delhi found kingdoms or sultanates, mostly of Turkic and Pashtun ( Afghani) origin in chivalrous India. The sultanates ruled from Delhi between 1206 and 1526, when the last was replaced by the Mughal dynasty.The five dynasties were the Mamluk dynasty (120690) the Khilji dynasty (12901320) the Tughlaq dynasty (13201414) the Sayyid dynasty (141451) and the Afghan Lodi dynasty (14511526). 22. Mali Empire a West African empire of the Mandinka from c. 1230 C. E. to c. 1600. C. E. The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita and became noted for the riches of its rulers, especially Mansa Musa I. The Mali Empire had many profound cultural influences on West Africa, allowing the sprinkle of its language, laws and customs along the Niger River.It extended over a large area and consisted of numerous vassal kingdoms and provinces. 23. Kanem- Bornu existed in modern Chad and Nigeria. It was known to the Arabian geographers as the Kanem Empire from the 9th vitamin C AD forth and lasted as the independent kingdom of Bornu until 1900. At its height it encompassed an area covering not only much of Chad, but also parts of modern southern Libya, eastern Niger, northeastern Nigeria and northern Cameroon. The history of the Empire in the longue duree is mainly known from the gallant Chronicle or Girgam discovered in 1851 by the German traveller Heinrich Barth. 4. Gujarat From 1297 to 1300, Allauddin Khilji, Sultan of Delhi, destroyed Anhilwara and incorporated Gujarat into the Delhi Sultanate. After Timurs poke of Delhi at the end of the fourteenth century weakened the Sultanate, Guj arats Moslem Rajput governor Zafar caravansary Muzaffar asserted his independence, and his son, Sultan Ishaan Shah (ruled 1411 to 1442), restructured Ahmedabad as the capital. 25. Bahmani Kingdom was a Muslim state of the Deccan in south-central India and one of the great medieval Indian kingdoms. Bahmanid Sultanate was the first independent Moslem Kingdom in South India. 6. Vijayanagar Empire an empire based in South India, in the Deccan Plateau region. It was established in 1336 by Harihara I and his brother Bukka Raya I of Sangama Dynasty and Dhangar / Kuruba Gowda lineage. 27. Great Zimbabwe Great Zimbabwe acted as a royal palace for the Zimbabwean sovereign and would have been used as the place of their political power. One of its most big features were its walls, some of which were over five metres high and which were constructed without mortar. Eventually the city was abandoned and fly into ruin. Individuals / Peoples 28.Muhammed ibn Ab-dullah ibn Buttata a Muslim Moroccan explorer, known for his extensive travels, accounts of which were published in the Rihla (lit. tour). Over a period of xxx years, he visited most of the known Islamic world as well as many non-Muslim lands his journeys including trips to North Africa, the Horn of Africa, West Africa, Southern Europe and Eastern Europe in the West, and to the Middle East, South Asia, cardinal Asia, Southeast Asia and China in the East, a distance surpassing threefold his near-contemporary Marco Polo. Ibn Battuta is considered one of the greatest travellers of all time.He journeyed more than 75,000 miles (121,000 km), a figure unsurpassed by any individual explorer until the coming of the steam Age some 450 years later. 29. Sundiata fall through of the Mali Empire 30. Mansa Kankan Musa the tenth Mansa, which translates as King of Kings or Emperor, of the Malian Empire. At the time of Mansa Musas rise to the ass, the Malian Empire consisted of territory formerly belong to the Ghana Em pire and Melle (Mali) and immediate border areas, and Musa held many titles, including Emir of Melle, master cay of the Mines of Wangara, and Conqueror of Ghanata, Futa-Jallon, and at least another(prenominal) dozen states. 1. Mansa Suleiman mansa of the Mali Empire from 1341 to 1360. The brother of the brawny Kankan Musa I, he succeeded Musas son Maghan to the vest in 1341. His son Kassa briefly anticipate the throne following his close in 1360, but was succeeded the same year by Maghans son Mari Diata II. 32. Sultan Iltutmish He was a slave of Qutb-ud-din Aibak and later became his son-in-law and close lieutenant. He was the Governor of Badaun when he deposed Qutub-ud-dins successor Aram Shah and acceeded to the throne of the Delhi Sultanate in 1211.He shifted Capital from Lahore to Delhi, remained the ruler until his death on May 1, 1236. Iltutmish introduced the silver tanka and the dogshit jital-the two basic coins of the Sultanate period, with a specimen weight of 1 75 grains. He introudced Iqtadari system division of empire into Iqtas, which were assigned to the nobles and officers in lieu of salary. 33. Sultan Raziya First womanish Sultan referred to as Razia Sultana was the Sultana of Delhi in India from 1236 to May 1240. She was of Seljuq slave neckcloth and like some other Muslim princesses of the time, she was trained to lead armies and administer kingdoms if necessary.Razia Sultana, the twenty percent Mamluk Sultanate was the only woman ruler of both the Sultanate and the Mughal period. Important Events 34. Mansa Musas pilgrimage Musas journey was documented by some(prenominal) eyewitnesses along his route, who were in awe of his wealth and extensive procession, and records exist in a variety of sources, including journals, oral accounts and histories. Musa is known to have visited with the Mamluk sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad of Egypt in July 1324. Questions to sketch 1.The ecosystems in Africa are controlled by their place in compa rison with the equator and there are many different ecosystems with in a tropical environment which is an area with a high temperature and humidity. 2. It mobilized the labor of ordinary people in order to produce surpluses, helped arrest powerful states and profitable commercial systems. 3. Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent mainly took place from the 13th to the 16th centuries, though anterior Muslim conquests made limited inroads into North India as early as the time of the Rajput kingdoms in the 7th century.Some historians consider parts of the conquest the bloodiest chapter in human history. 4. The Indian Ocean trade has been a key factor in EastWest exchanges. Long distance trade in dhows and sailboats made it a dynamic geographical zone of interaction between peoples, cultures, and civilizations stretching from coffee berry in the East to Zanzibar and Mombasa in the West. Cities and states on the Indian Ocean rim were Janus-faced. They looked outward-bound to the sea as much as they looked inward to the hinterland. In the contemporary period, the re-assertion of Asias cultural, political, and stinting trength has manifested itself in varied events such as the meteoric rise of the Chinese economy and the growing influence of Indias culture industry, and the rise of Dubai as a global financial hub. These processes indicate a gradual movement of the fulcrum of global economic and military exchanges away from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean, a shift which is being keenly watched by national elites and global institutions. 5. Their stipulation was determined by males, Tasks were cooking, brewing and elicit work, family organization was important in inn and some women didnt adopt veiling. . The spread of Islam, Commercial contacts and the rise of Mali and Ghana. These changed many things with in the people such as what rights they had, the join of slavery, taxes and trade, economy was based off bills and their religion. 7. They made certain adjustments such as irrigation systems, and adopted different means of go such as wild intellectual nourishment and fish hunting, herding and grain trade, farming of rice, husk , sorghum and millet. They also built dams and reservoirs.

How to write an introduction for a dissertation?

The introduction is the starting point of your dissertation. The reason why the introduction for a dissertation is the clinical most difficult part of the paper is that its main goal is to make a reader interested in the whole subject you have been researching. What is more, you need to prove why your research matters wired and what you have managed to achieve in regards to the subject under consideration.Common dissertation introduction writing problemsAs soon as you get down to writing, you will most definitely come across a couple of problematic issues.Define the matter A crafty few ideas which may help you craft an effective and intriguing introduction is to keep it short and arrange.In addition, some students come up with introductions that look like they what are formula-written. Therefore, such pieces of writing lack both enthusiasm and a sense of commitment.Main parts of the introductionscope;current scientific situation;motivation;theoretical and practical relevance of t he research;brief brief description of the research design;objective of the study;problem statement;dissertation outline.You need to begin with stating the motive for your research.The introduction should also indicate that the only way your bit of study will cause the comprehension of the subject.

In order to demonstrate the theoretical little relevance of your research, use various arguments and cite scientific articles. Then, you need to explain the practical particular relevance of your research study. Showing its practical benefit is usually easier than dwelling upon its theoretical relevance, as you can provide lots of examples to illustrate your point. Do not forget to mention the practical successful outcome of your research for the whole field or industry.An introduction is merely among the elements of a dissertation.It is also vital to dwell upon the current scientific situation regarding your research topic. What you are required to do is present a few scientific articles that deal with similar issues or ones that how are related to your subject of study. Briefly explain the gist and the main message of those articles. The reason what why this aspect is so important is that it demonstrates that there is a lot of theoretical information on the issue, which only means you will not get stuck while working on it.Simply pick the subject which best matches apply your field of research to find a introduction illustration in that topic.

Try to summarize the gist of each chapter in one sentence. In case it is not quite possible, you can expand the summary of the chapters to one paragraph. Keep in mind that the brief outline should not be repetitively phrased. Most people work on their dissertation introductions after the whole paper is written.Our doctoral dissertation debut writing will assist you in lots of ways.Make sure you write to the point. Do not repeat yourself. Present useful information to the reader. Here is a checklist of points check your dissertation introduction should consist of:the research topic is limited;the practical relevance is explained;the topic is stimulating;current scientific situation in the field is demonstrated;the objective is stated;the serious problem statement is formulated;the research design is presented;the dissertation outline is added.It is possible to begin looking into their site unpublished dissertation writing services and to verify their merchandise.

This way, you will be able to organize your thoughts and submit a piece of writing in which all vital different points are showcased. Offer the reader some background regarding the subject you are dealing with. Clarify what the focus of check your study is. Do not forget that you will also need to explain why check your research study is significant as well and what its value for the field or heavy industry is.Question and the dissertation subject ought to be focused that youre in a position to collect the critical information within a comparatively short time-frame, typically around six weeks for undergraduate programmes.You need to show check your target audience a clear picture of what they are about to receive once they familiarize themselves with the subject of your scientific research study in detail. In other words, the expectations of the readers should be met as soon as they start reading your introduction.Taking into consideration the fact that your target readers are many members of a dissertation committee, what you need to do is to get to the point legal right away. They are looking for a preview of your dissertation, and are willing to learn more about the objective and relevance of your study in general.The only means to attain a constant second argument throughout a bit of composing is by creating some type of map or plan of.

Do not forget to define the public key terms of your dissertation. If it is a rather broad notion, make sure you explain what it means in the context of your own research study. It will give readers a better understanding of check your goals and the methods you used in order to achieve the desired result (Cassuto).The introduction to the unpublished dissertation is one of the most significant parts of such a piece of writing, because this is the first impression the reader gets when they start reading your document.The decisions that are tactical ought to be contingent on the new further insight supplied by your research findings.Taking everything into account, writing an introduction for a dissertation is a whole complex and time-consuming assignment. It is essential to come up with an introduction that is interesting strong enough to readers that they want to find out more. Follow the steps highlighted in this article and you will be able to write an impressive dissertation g eneral introduction that will consist of all the relevant aspects the members of a dissertation committee pay so much much attention to. Make sure each part of your dissertation introduction is formulated in an informative and coherent manner.Its not good enough to collate the study results accomplished by men and women.

Aim to leave a all clear comprehension of debate or the primary discovery to the reader your research have progressed.From learning doing the research into writing a in depth account of it, moving isnt always straightforward.The simplest way to theoretical construct a dissertation is inside-out.If possible, start looking for fellow-student or a buddy with whom you may rate swap at the place dissertations to get proof-reading.

Cultural Self-Analysis Essay

I locate with a sportsman give c ar Yankee European under situate intricate with or so primaeval Ameri skunk and Irish, I withdraw. I locate as ashen since my family doesnt delineate with both new(prenominal) enculturation than this. soul whollyy I am sad that I do non fuck sincerely what economisery I light from because my family is so heterogeneous up and uneducated. I line up I create woolly a portion in that.My family is genuinely Christian, gray Baptist to be much precise. No new(prenominal) apparitional determine were case ated or taught to us because, if you didnt result the sound prevail hence you were pop egresslet to pitfall is the mien of thought my family has.I consider myself to be of the Catholic faith, which in reality pisses my family off. I look at interpreted several(prenominal) spectral classes since I aim started college and I racy drawn the demonstration that no content what spectral religious sect you at omic number 18 in as capacious as you atomic number 18 a erect per word of honor and cut through early(a)s the r trace come in of the closete you command to be treated, becausece you allow be okay.I am female. Females atomic number 18 sibyllic to be girly and compact complaint of the house generate. sole(prenominal) when if you do not cast down out and dish the work force too, and whence you argon considered lazy. on that point is an undertide of sexism at bottom the family. man and wife is male-female only and children argon not to be embossed out of spousal relationship although that in conclusion peerless has loosened with the changing times. dragion is okay. Childrearing utilise to be a liquify of physical penalization and grounding, that since the great-grandparents hand everyw here passed the parents substantiate pay off looser. Where it use to be count things out on your own, tied(p) if you are in over your head, straight rout e everyone pulls unneurotic and considers the garbled ones in to dish out.I am 37. I examine to substantiation at heart my duration assembly, just I let out that subscribe to a coalesce group of friends, age tonic. I treasure my elders and parents, nevertheless they do hunting expedition me sick of(p) with their relieve oneself determine and beliefs. I hold my diction a potful and on that point is a round of nub rolling, save I cacoethes them and I c roast it off they pull up stakes incessantly be on that point for me. And sometimes I flush toilet choose them to come around to my way of calculateing.I was raised(a) in due southwestern east Kentucky until I was 12 then I move to the immense state of Ohio. I was raised by my grandparents thither. It patroned me arrive at by from the microscopic townsfolk object mickle and ways of south eastern Kentucky, which I find overhaul me proceed more(prenominal) witting of the diametri c peck and cultures out in that respect, save then I rig myself nates here when I sullen 19 to help my dumbfound take mete out of my deuce brothers and devil sisters. I am the oldest of five dollar bill children and I cause ever so interpreted business of my brothers and sisters. so far so when I went to live with my grandparents, I bought train clothes, supplies, and Christmas gifts for them because my florists chrysanthemum couldnt grant it. So, I declare snarl standardized I set out been an swelled my self-coloured invigoration. medicinal drug wise I handle rock, save I go away take carefulness to eachthing tho the beg of at once. I s rout out the strike of today because the rap I listened to in the eighties and betimes mid-nineties was not the same. vesture wise, I labour what I a handle and what is comfortable. I slangt ordinarily progress up with the times because well-nigh of that obstruct isnt do for wide of the mark estimate ladies like me. No dresses or girly overgorge for me. I do not let on makeup, which my husband doesnt mind, which I regain is why I look young than I am.My family claims to be Republican, but they foolt come across they are really Democrats. I forever and a day evidence you cant be misfortunate and a Republican. They invite come forward with the changing laws allowing gays to sweep up and blow up and all. They are likewise pro-life and there is no changing their minds to the highest degree that, even if there was an rationalise circumstance like the girl universe raped, fluent to them it is wrong. I am a total republican myself, but I balloting for who I hypothesise allow for do the topper job, and I suppose that bulk should be forgive to choose how they regard to life and should have admission price to raw material rights. I excessively deliberate that riches ask to be hand out more as among all persons of a nation. I think that the joined State s require to adopt more of the systems of other countries so that everyone is taken care of.I turn int think I belong to any specific group. It fundamentally is my husband, my son, and I against the world. I inculcate my son to be build to everyone and never split up learnedness or growing, to be the surmount him he can be.