Chapter 13 Guided Reading

Guided variation Chapter 13 Terms 1. Tropics- Areas with spicy humidness and temperatures 2. Monsoons- an overflow of water from rivers 3. Eco systems- communities of living things within a certain clim be 4. Bilad al-sudan- westbound Afri erect Judaic communities who were connected to cognise Jewish communities from the Middle East, trade union Africa, or Spain and Portugal. 5. Dhow either of various types of polling vessels used by Arabs on the east African, Arabian, and Indian shores, mainly lateen-rigged on two or three masts. 6. Swahili a member of a Bantu heap of Zanzibar and the neighboring sliding board of Africa.Also, Kiswahili, ki-Swahili. the Bantu language of the Swahili people, used alike as a lingua franca in Tanzania, Kenya, and part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. 7. Urdu- an authorised language of Pakistan, too rungn in India. The script derives primarily from Persia. It belongs to the Indic branch of the Indo-Germanic family of languag es, being closely related to Hindu but containing many Arabic and Persian loan words 8. Junks- Chinese Ships that can contain up to 40 gobs Places 9. Niger River the principal river of western Africa, extending about 4,180 km 10.Indus River is a major river which flows through with(predicate) Pakistan. It overly has courses through western Tibet (in China) and labor unionern India. 11. The gang a trans-boundary river of India and Bangladesh. The 1,569 mi river rises in the western Himalayas in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and flows south eastern and east through the Gangetic Plain of North India into Bangladesh, where it empties into the Bay of Bengal. 12. Mekong River- a river in southeastward Asia. is 4,350 km From the Tibetan Plateau this river runs through Chinas Yunnan province, Burma (Myanmar), Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. 13.Swahili chute-The Swahili swoop refers to the coast or coastal area of East Africa inhabited by the Swahili people, mainly Keny a, Tanzania, and north Mozambique. The term whitethorn also include the islands such as Zanzibar, Pate or Comoros which lie rancid the Swahili Coast. 14. Strait of malacca cane is a narrow, 805 km (500 mi) stretch of water amidst the Malay Peninsula and the Ind angiotensin-converting enzymesian island of Sumatra. It is named after the Malacca sultanate that command over the archipelago between 1414 and 1511. 15. Mogadishu the Maroc traveller Ibn Battutas appearance on the Somali coast in 1331, the city was at the zenith of its prosperity.He described Mogadishu as an extremely self-aggrandising city with many overflowing merchants, which was famous for its high quality textile that it ex mannered to Egypt, among other push throughs. He added that the city was control by a Somali sultan stockally from Berbera in northern Somalia who spoke two Somali and Arabic with comprise fluency. The Sultan also had a suite of wazirs (ministers), legal experts, commanders, royal e unuchs, and other cancelledicials at his beck and call. 16. Kilwa -Kilwa Kisiwani is a community on an island off the coast of East Africa, in return day Tanzania. 7. Aden In 1421, Chinas Ming dynasty Yongle Emperor request principal envoy grand eunuch Li Xing and grand eunuch cabbage Man of Zheng Hes fleet to convey an olympian edict with hats and robes to bestow on the nance of Aden. The envoys boarded three treasure ships and set sail from Sumatra to the port of Aden. This event was recorded in the book Ying-yai Sheng-lan by Ma Huan who attach to the imperial envoy 18. Malabar Coast The Malabar Coast is a long and narrow coastline on the south-western shore line of the mainland Indian subcontinent.Geographically, it comprises the wettest regions of Confederate India, as the double-uern Ghats intercept the moisture-laden monsoon rains, curiously on their westward-facing mountain slopes. The term Malabar Coast is also some whiles used in reference to the entire Indian c oast from the western coast of Konkan to the tip of the subcontinent at Cape Comorin. 19. Malacca the third smallest Malaysian state after Perlis and Penang. It is located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula, near to the Straits of Malacca. It borders Negeri Sembilan to the north and Johor to the south.Malacca was installed by Parameswara, also cognise as Iskandar Shah or Sri Majara, the give way Raja of Singapura (present day Singapore) following a Majapahit attack in 1377. He found his way to Malacca around 1400 where he found a good portit was accessible in all seasons and on the strategically located narrowest point of the Malacca Straits. 20. Timbuktu The first mention is by the Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta who visited twain Timbuktu and Kabara in 1353 when reversive from a stay in the superior of the Mali imperium. 25 Timbuktu was still relatively unimportant and Battuta chop-chop moved on to Gao.At the time both Timbuktu and Gao formed part of the Mali conglomerate. A snow and a half later, in around 1510, Leo Africanus visited Timbuktu. He gave a explanation of the town in his Descrittione dellAfrica which was published in 1550. 26 The original Italian was translated into a military issue of other languages and the book became widely know in atomic number 63. 27 empires/ grounds 21. Delhi seedless raisinte five short-lived dynasties, Delhi found kingdoms or sultanates, mostly of Turkic and Pashtun ( Afghani) origin in chivalrous India. The sultanates ruled from Delhi between 1206 and 1526, when the last was replaced by the Mughal dynasty.The five dynasties were the Mamluk dynasty (120690) the Khilji dynasty (12901320) the Tughlaq dynasty (13201414) the Sayyid dynasty (141451) and the Afghan Lodi dynasty (14511526). 22. Mali Empire a West African empire of the Mandinka from c. 1230 C. E. to c. 1600. C. E. The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita and became noted for the riches of its rulers, especially Mansa Musa I. The Mali Empire had many profound cultural influences on West Africa, allowing the sprinkle of its language, laws and customs along the Niger River.It extended over a large area and consisted of numerous vassal kingdoms and provinces. 23. Kanem- Bornu existed in modern Chad and Nigeria. It was known to the Arabian geographers as the Kanem Empire from the 9th vitamin C AD forth and lasted as the independent kingdom of Bornu until 1900. At its height it encompassed an area covering not only much of Chad, but also parts of modern southern Libya, eastern Niger, northeastern Nigeria and northern Cameroon. The history of the Empire in the longue duree is mainly known from the gallant Chronicle or Girgam discovered in 1851 by the German traveller Heinrich Barth. 4. Gujarat From 1297 to 1300, Allauddin Khilji, Sultan of Delhi, destroyed Anhilwara and incorporated Gujarat into the Delhi Sultanate. After Timurs poke of Delhi at the end of the fourteenth century weakened the Sultanate, Guj arats Moslem Rajput governor Zafar caravansary Muzaffar asserted his independence, and his son, Sultan Ishaan Shah (ruled 1411 to 1442), restructured Ahmedabad as the capital. 25. Bahmani Kingdom was a Muslim state of the Deccan in south-central India and one of the great medieval Indian kingdoms. Bahmanid Sultanate was the first independent Moslem Kingdom in South India. 6. Vijayanagar Empire an empire based in South India, in the Deccan Plateau region. It was established in 1336 by Harihara I and his brother Bukka Raya I of Sangama Dynasty and Dhangar / Kuruba Gowda lineage. 27. Great Zimbabwe Great Zimbabwe acted as a royal palace for the Zimbabwean sovereign and would have been used as the place of their political power. One of its most big features were its walls, some of which were over five metres high and which were constructed without mortar. Eventually the city was abandoned and fly into ruin. Individuals / Peoples 28.Muhammed ibn Ab-dullah ibn Buttata a Muslim Moroccan explorer, known for his extensive travels, accounts of which were published in the Rihla (lit. tour). Over a period of xxx years, he visited most of the known Islamic world as well as many non-Muslim lands his journeys including trips to North Africa, the Horn of Africa, West Africa, Southern Europe and Eastern Europe in the West, and to the Middle East, South Asia, cardinal Asia, Southeast Asia and China in the East, a distance surpassing threefold his near-contemporary Marco Polo. Ibn Battuta is considered one of the greatest travellers of all time.He journeyed more than 75,000 miles (121,000 km), a figure unsurpassed by any individual explorer until the coming of the steam Age some 450 years later. 29. Sundiata fall through of the Mali Empire 30. Mansa Kankan Musa the tenth Mansa, which translates as King of Kings or Emperor, of the Malian Empire. At the time of Mansa Musas rise to the ass, the Malian Empire consisted of territory formerly belong to the Ghana Em pire and Melle (Mali) and immediate border areas, and Musa held many titles, including Emir of Melle, master cay of the Mines of Wangara, and Conqueror of Ghanata, Futa-Jallon, and at least another(prenominal) dozen states. 1. Mansa Suleiman mansa of the Mali Empire from 1341 to 1360. The brother of the brawny Kankan Musa I, he succeeded Musas son Maghan to the vest in 1341. His son Kassa briefly anticipate the throne following his close in 1360, but was succeeded the same year by Maghans son Mari Diata II. 32. Sultan Iltutmish He was a slave of Qutb-ud-din Aibak and later became his son-in-law and close lieutenant. He was the Governor of Badaun when he deposed Qutub-ud-dins successor Aram Shah and acceeded to the throne of the Delhi Sultanate in 1211.He shifted Capital from Lahore to Delhi, remained the ruler until his death on May 1, 1236. Iltutmish introduced the silver tanka and the dogshit jital-the two basic coins of the Sultanate period, with a specimen weight of 1 75 grains. He introudced Iqtadari system division of empire into Iqtas, which were assigned to the nobles and officers in lieu of salary. 33. Sultan Raziya First womanish Sultan referred to as Razia Sultana was the Sultana of Delhi in India from 1236 to May 1240. She was of Seljuq slave neckcloth and like some other Muslim princesses of the time, she was trained to lead armies and administer kingdoms if necessary.Razia Sultana, the twenty percent Mamluk Sultanate was the only woman ruler of both the Sultanate and the Mughal period. Important Events 34. Mansa Musas pilgrimage Musas journey was documented by some(prenominal) eyewitnesses along his route, who were in awe of his wealth and extensive procession, and records exist in a variety of sources, including journals, oral accounts and histories. Musa is known to have visited with the Mamluk sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad of Egypt in July 1324. Questions to sketch 1.The ecosystems in Africa are controlled by their place in compa rison with the equator and there are many different ecosystems with in a tropical environment which is an area with a high temperature and humidity. 2. It mobilized the labor of ordinary people in order to produce surpluses, helped arrest powerful states and profitable commercial systems. 3. Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent mainly took place from the 13th to the 16th centuries, though anterior Muslim conquests made limited inroads into North India as early as the time of the Rajput kingdoms in the 7th century.Some historians consider parts of the conquest the bloodiest chapter in human history. 4. The Indian Ocean trade has been a key factor in EastWest exchanges. Long distance trade in dhows and sailboats made it a dynamic geographical zone of interaction between peoples, cultures, and civilizations stretching from coffee berry in the East to Zanzibar and Mombasa in the West. Cities and states on the Indian Ocean rim were Janus-faced. They looked outward-bound to the sea as much as they looked inward to the hinterland. In the contemporary period, the re-assertion of Asias cultural, political, and stinting trength has manifested itself in varied events such as the meteoric rise of the Chinese economy and the growing influence of Indias culture industry, and the rise of Dubai as a global financial hub. These processes indicate a gradual movement of the fulcrum of global economic and military exchanges away from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean, a shift which is being keenly watched by national elites and global institutions. 5. Their stipulation was determined by males, Tasks were cooking, brewing and elicit work, family organization was important in inn and some women didnt adopt veiling. . The spread of Islam, Commercial contacts and the rise of Mali and Ghana. These changed many things with in the people such as what rights they had, the join of slavery, taxes and trade, economy was based off bills and their religion. 7. They made certain adjustments such as irrigation systems, and adopted different means of go such as wild intellectual nourishment and fish hunting, herding and grain trade, farming of rice, husk , sorghum and millet. They also built dams and reservoirs.