The Career of a Physical Therapist

The Career of a Physical Therapist Presentation Physical specialists are clinical specialists who handle cases managing hindrances, inability, idleness, or some other basic difference in physical capacity of the body and strength because of injury.Advertising We will compose a custom examination paper test on The Career of a Physical Therapist explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Their activity incorporate however isn't limited to analysis strategies, appraisals, assessments and leading mediation obligations in order to achieve the most elevated utilitarian outcomes for each patient. In their every day work, physical specialists are accused of the obligation of helping patients experiencing a large number of ailments, and casualties of mishaps also. In 2008, it is assessed that the physical specialist were holding around 185,500 situations in the work register of the US. A portion of the physical specialist worked at least two employments and that made the activity measurement more noteworthy than th ey really are. The greater part of the treatments carry out their responsibility is clinic settings, Offices and other wellbeing offices. The physical advisor help with soothing agony to patients, improve versatility of their body, decreasing physical inability and restoring use (Coppola para. 4). Through the help of a patient’s clinical history, a clinical specialist is in a situation to analyze the patient’s quality, act, coordination, breathing ability, and engine and body adjusting capacity. Plans are the executed in rewarding patients that have displayed explicit ailments. Postulation Physical treatment is a difficult profession that needs more prominent duty and commitment. The advisor frequently faces testing circumstances that test their capacity to carry out the responsibility. Therefore, this paper will address the profession of a physical specialist. The physical advisor typically plan and work to treat genuinely handicapped individuals of all partitions pay ing little mind to the wellspring of the issue (Jensen et al1256). Specialists are additionally required to offer advising to these patients and even to their families (Curtis 56). The advisor organizes the procedures of conference and restoration. This can be one at administration gatherings, centers and clinics. Instruction and University Training There are a few colleges over the US that are offering Physical Therapy degrees. Perhaps the best school is the University of Delaware. Essentially intrigued understudies study a qualification in Physical Therapy and afterward continue to bosses of a similar when they need to have more skill (Curtis 56). A superior arrangement to turn into a physical specialist needs in the first place deed commitment to the activity. Understudies who wish to become specialists should begin their readiness while still in high school.Advertising Looking for research paper on wellbeing medication? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your fir st paper with 15% OFF Learn More This implies they should take course like material science, science; brain science among other related subjects so they can utilize this as a strong establishment for the future vocation (Curtis 56). The following stage here is join a college that offers the preparation in Physical treatment. Understudies can examine a partner degree or a further extent in this field. Understudies that are in such schools study sociologies, science, physiology, organic chemistry, brain research, material science and different courses that ate thought about lifesaving. For the certificate, the understudies increment their extension to cover increasingly particular courses including neuroscience, physiology, metal issues and pathology (Krumhansl 87). Picking University of Delaware for study is so basic to anybody needing to examine treatment course. This is on the grounds that the college has been positioned number four in the nation. Here, the understudies get the bes t offices that are at the forefront. This implies their instruction is incredible and that they have the best nature of exploration and better offices (Krumhansl 87). To be better at the particular employment, graduates that have been in the program would then be able to progress to do their lords degrees. Understudies participate in the investigation of the escalated care courses and they are likewise expected to experience an entry level position program. From here, understudies at that point despite everything have a decision for additional specialization in either neurological treatment or musculoskeletal treatment among different necessities (Jensen et al 20011258). All together for an understudy to be conceded the permit to rehearse, he/she is first required to have considered clinical imaging, kinesiology, just as to have embraced proficient and physiology course during their entry level position period. Upon graduation, the up-and-comer could get the permit. The undergrad ta ke at least four years while the post graduate projects take just about eighteen months. Fundamentally there is no compelling reason to move in light of the fact that there are online investigations yet for down to earth course like Physical Therapy, one needs to go to classes and online is anything but a superior choice (Langenberghe 522). Financing Education The expense of achieving a degree in Physical treatment at the University of Delaware is evaluated to be around 9,486 dollars for the in-state education cost and 23,186 for the out-of-state. There is some monetary guide for certain understudies in Delaware University. The associations offer full educational cost repayment and this is arrived at the midpoint of at 14,600 dollar for one scholastic year (Chilsolm 67). This is for the understudies in certificate programs. For the post graduate and exploration collaborators, there is a repayment of 20,772 dollars for each student’s educational cost. Aides in active recuperat ion get a similar sum as certificate understudies and open doors for temporary jobs. Some significant measurements are that the level of youngsters that get budgetary guide is 60% and those on Federal awards are 9% (Chilsolm 2002 67). The normal award that the Federal government gives is 3,704 dollars.Advertising We will compose a custom exploration paper test on The Career of a Physical Therapist explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The level of understudies that get state help is 9% and the normal sum that is regularly given is 3,334 dollars. The quantities of understudies that get this are 37%. Advances are likewise offered to the understudies and by and large, understudies get a credit of 6,947 dollars and 48% of the understudies get these advances. More help comes for the sake of institutional guide and on normal the qualified understudies get 6,947 dollars. There is a body known as the Physical Therapy relationship of America which offers monetary help to non -intrusive treatment studies and examination in colleges. Application is straightforward as one just needs to enlist for the advanced education program (Chilsolm 67). At that point look for circumstances in their databases. From that point forward, one can sign out for the temporary jobs and apply for financing. Application procedure can take a great deal of time. Be that as it may, first it is significant that an understudy figures out what kind of degree she/he needs in the field of non-intrusive treatment. Second is to check the land area that one might want to live in. along these lines, one can limit program search and even do appraisal of typical cost for basic items while considering (Jensen et al 1258). The greater part of the projects in colleges will request a degree. Be that as it may, master’s qualification would be proper at a later stage. It’s imperative to guarantee that you are clear with a significant number of or the entirety of the prerequisites. Lea st GPA is typically a 3.0. It is evaluated that the typical cost for basic items in Delaware at the college ranges from 12,657 to 15,821 dollars. The education cost is normally the equivalent for individuals living at the grounds and those living at home. The distinctions are chiefly on food, convenience and transport (Langenberghe 522). Living nearby implies that understudies will pay around 9,894 dollar for the settlement. Those that live outside the grounds can get costly or less expensive house contingent upon the spot they decide to live (Sneed et al 1287). Credit every hour for the understudies who remain in state is 377 dollars and out of state credit hour is 1,010 dollars. Decision Career Development Getting a degree in clinical courses especially non-intrusive treatment is an extraordinary speculation. This degree permits individuals to be specialists in this branch of knowledge. Customarily, understudies who choose to seek after the vocation have three choices to browse as they advance to doctoral level (Krumhansl 89). One is that they can seek after expert active recuperation, two, to seek after transitional treatment of three, to take a shot at exercise based recuperation. There are a few courses that are significant in remedial clinical practice. They incorporate palpations, neuroscience, pathology, indicative imaging and clinical life systems among others (Langenberghe 522). At the point when understudies total their examinations in the subject and hand over their papers which are publishable, at that point they have satisfied the method of being authorized to rehearse (Krumhansl 90).Advertising Searching for research paper on wellbeing medication? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The alumni need to meet the necessities by the relationship of physical specialist of America. The course presents a decent chance to wander into clinical practice on the grounds that there are openings for work promptly accessible for individuals who study exercise based recuperation (Blau et al 649). As anticipated by the administration of the United States, the requirement for physical advisors will undoubtedly increment through 2013. This is on the grounds that the populace increments and as a result people experiencing physical incapacity likewise increment. Eminent is the expansion in the quantity of senior individual from the general public, the time of increased birth rates age who need treatment for ease of torment and the board of physical issues that much of the time result from cardiovascular failures and strokes (Blau et al 649). These restrictive are progressively getting normal among

No One Needs a Toxic Relationship free essay sample

Nobody Needs a Toxic Relationship Hell No! I will not live during some other time with one more poisonous relationship! I’m sure that nearly everybody out there can relate. A poisonous relationship is a relationship with anybody that takes, takes, takes, yet never gives back or gives back in unsafe manners. Loved ones or even negligible associates that wear us out to the point of fatigue; continually requesting some help, an advance or much of the time, only somebody to hear them out, yet when it comes time to give back in kind, they never do, or they don’t keep my eventual benefits on the most fundamental level while doing as such. I’m not keen on proceeding to connect with individuals who don't hold me in their most elevated respect. Nobody ought to need to manage this sort of individual in his/her life. My first case of a poisonous relationship centers around my own relationship with a companion of mine. We will compose a custom article test on Nobody Needs a Toxic Relationship or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page After I as of late discovered that my dad had been determined to have pancreatic malignant growth; I frantically expected to converse with somebody and vent my interests. My companion Nina was the ideal individual to talk about this with, or so I thought; having lost her own dad to a similar sort of malignant growth quite a long while beforehand. After a short conversation on the telephone, we made arrangements to get together the following night. Not long after I showed up at her home, I continued to heave the mountains of data about my father’s condition, which had been given to me from my mom and sister. We talked continuous for around thirty seconds until she got the first of a few instant messages. We spent the remainder of our discussion over and over hindered by a torrent of instant messages and calls that she wanted to reply. I saw this as very burdening, having been amazingly worried as of now. I left her that late evening feeling depleted and very annoyed with her. I was vexed to discover that in my period of scarcity I was unable to depend on her to simply sit and hear me out, as I had done so often in the past for her. I simply expected to vent to her about my father’s condition and discovered that my concern just took a secondary lounge to her own dramatization. Yet, for as far back as six years, each time she had an issue with her own wellbeing or her ex, she would approach me and I would consistently make a special effort to hear her out. Presently it was Nina’s opportunity to offer back to me what I had given her for every one of those years and she was simply not intrigued. I just don’t need to this sort of relationship in my life. Another case of a harmful relationship comes to me from my old buddy Ray. Presently Ray, whom I’ve known since secondary school, has consistently been a joyful sort of fellow. He had consistently treated others in a similar manner that he himself might want to be dealt with. At that point, about a year prior he met Sally. They dated for a while here in Maryland, while she was experiencing chemotherapy. After her treatment, she got back to Florida. While here, Ray treated her like a sovereign, as she ought to be dealt with. Sally at that point requested that he move to Florida to be with her. He before long acknowledged the greeting and left presently. Beam had left here to be with Sally, the lady he had always wanted, a bad dream as I would see it. He moved from a pleasant condo and great paying occupation, to dozing on the lounge chair in his girlfriend’s house; while she imparted her bed to her ex. He would go through his days dealing with the house, Sally and her child. At a certain point he remarked to me that his life there was a lot of like the life of a steward, living in neediness. Sally had been given all that she at any point requested, from Ray, while here. In any case, when she got back, the jobs were turned around and she didn't want to respond any of decent things that Ray had accomplished for her. He would in any case thoroughly take care of her since that is only the sort of fellow Ray is. He before long understood that he also had been in a poisonous relationship. He as of late moved back to Maryland, following a 6th month remain in Florida with Sally. There are numerous reasons why individuals choose to remain in a poisonous relationship. Two or three reasons might be dread of being distant from everyone else, or individual frailties. Whatever the explanation, I comprehend that it is never a simple thing expelling oneself from a kinship of numerous years or from a relationship that you have any expectations of making work. Numerous individuals like that sort of thing or don’t know anything unique. I, myself, am not that sort of individual any more. I have by and by encountered the impacts of a poisonous relationship for a really long time. It’s time for everybody to recognize the realities. Not every person is going to treat you with your eventual benefits on a fundamental level and hold you in high respect. Weed through the great and the terrible in your life; I am. Keep the best and dump the rest! Nobody needs a poisonous relationship.

Vallandigham, Clement Laird

Vallandigham, Clement Laird Vallandigham, Clement Laird v?lan ´digham?, â€"gam? [key], 1820â€"71, American political leader, leader of the Copperheads in the Civil War, b. New Lisbon (now Lisbon), Ohio. He became (1842) a lawyer, was elected to the Ohio legislature (1845, 1846), and was editor (1847â€"49) of the Dayton Empire, a Democratic weekly. A strong upholder of states' rights, Vallandigham was a U.S. Representative from 1858 to 1863, being defeated for reelection in 1862. On May 1, 1863, in a political speech at Mt. Vernon, Ohio, he declared, among other things, that the Civil War was being fought not to save the Union but to free the blacks and enslave the whites. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside, then commanding the Dept. of the Ohio, accused him of violating General Order No. 38, which threatened punishment for those declaring sympathy for the enemy, and Vallandigham was arrested, court-martialed, and sentenced to imprisonment for the rest of the war. President Lincoln commuted the sentence to banishme nt behind Confederate lines. The Peace Democrats of Ohio nevertheless nominated (July, 1863) Vallandigham for governor, but he was defeated by John Brough . He made his way from the Confederacy to Canada, and from there he returned to the United States and was allowed to go unmolested. In the presidential campaign of 1864, the Democratic platform, representing his views, demanded immediate cessation of hostilities. Made commander of the Sons of Liberty (see Knights of the Golden Circle ), he was the most prominent of the Copperheads. After the war he was an unsuccessful aspirant to Congress. See biography by his brother, J. L. Vallandigham (1872, repr. 1972); study by F. L. Klement (1970). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Mythology in Oedipus Rex Essays - 3980 Words

Mythology in Oedipus Rex E. T. Owen in â€Å"Drama in Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus† comments on the mythological beginnings of Oedipus Rex: Professor Goodell says: â€Å"Given an old myth to be dramatized, Sophocles’ primary question was, ‘Just what sort of people were they, must they have been, who naturally did and suffered what the tales say they did and suffered?† That was his method of analysis (38). The Greek Sophoclean tragedy Oedipus Rex is based on a myth from the Homeric epic Odysseus. With his tragic flaw the protagonist, Oedipus, lives out the main episodes of the Homeric myth. In his essay â€Å"Sophoclean Tragedy† Friedrich Nietzsche searches out the mythology in this drama, and finds that the†¦show more content†¦From this we can deduce that the myth used by Sophocles in Oedipus Rex had to be older than the seventh century BC because Homer employed it at that time. C. M. Bowra in â€Å"Sophocles’ Use of Mythology† gives the rationale behind the Attic dramatists’ preference for myths in their plays: Myth provided the framework of drama, which illustrated in a highly concrete and cogent way some important crisis or problem, and that is why Greek tragedy can be called symbolical. The old stories are indeed told again for their own sake, and there is no lack of dramatic tension and human interest, but they also exemplify some far-reaching problem, which is admirably presented in this individual shape(31). The Homeric myth provides the story of the fall of a man from prosperity to adversity. Sophocles takes the myth and dramatizes it in such a way that every word and action makes an impact on the audience. The audience can see the error that beset Oedipus, and see his living state of mind as reflected in themselves; they empathize with him in his moral decline. Aristotle’s analysis admits that the tragic flaw in Oedipus could be either a moral misjudgment or an intellectual error on the part of the king. In his essay â€Å"On Misunderstanding the Oedipus Rex,† E. R. Dodds takes the reader back to Aristotle in his consideration of this question of the flaw: I shall take Aristotle as my starting point. . . .Show MoreRelatedGreek Mythology And Mythology Of The Iliad, Oedipus Rex And Others1294 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen shaped by mythology and religion. The impacts of ancient cultures in particular are felt worldwide through a variety of mediums. Others have referenced ancient cultures for a long time, in hopes of better understanding them. Examples of this have been seen throughout the world, especially in Greek culture. The ancient Greeks had a rich culture, which they used often in their works; examples of this are seen in the Iliad, Oedipus Rex and others. The existence of Greek mythology and narrativesRead More Mythology in Oedipus Rex Essay examples4094 Words   |  17 PagesMythology in Oedipus Rex  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In â€Å"The Oedipus Legend† Bernard M. W. Knox talks of the advantages accruing to Sophocles as a user of myths in his dramas:    The myths he used gave to his plays, without any effort on his part, some of those larger dimensions of authority which the modern dramatist must create out of nothing if his play is to be more than a passing entertainment. The myths had the authority of history, for myth is in one of its aspects the only history of anRead MoreOedipus The King, Fate And Destiny1201 Words   |  5 PagesSophocles is the author of the famous play, â€Å"Oedipus the King†. In case you did not know, Sophocles is from Greece. In Greek mythology there are three goddesses who preside over the birth and life of humans. Each person s destiny was thought of as a thread spun, measured, and cut by the three Fates, Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos. In the story â€Å"Oedipus the King† fate and destiny was the main theme. On Google the definition of destiny is the events that will necessarily happen to a particular personRead MoreThe Tragic Hero of Oedipus Rex Essay1383 Words   |  6 PagesThe Tragi c Hero of Oedipus Rex According to the ancient Greeks and Aristotle the hero is a person who possesses superior qualities of mind and body, and who proves his superiority by doing great deeds of valor, strength, or intellect. In Sophocles Oedipus Rex the main character Oedipus possesses these characteristics of a true hero, which in turn lead to his self-destruction. In the beginning of the play Oedipuss great intellect is made known by the chorus who see him as someone who hasRead MoreOedipus and Christianity Essay652 Words   |  3 Pagesdeal in the story Oedipus Rex. Even though the gods knew what he was going to do, he still had the free will to do so. This is quite similar to the beliefs of the Christian religion. Christians are accustomed to the idea that God is all knowing, yet we as humans have the gift of free will and that makes us responsible for our own actions. It seems to be similar in the tale of Oedipus Rex and in Greek mythology as a whole. The ideas of this story within the bounds of Greek mythology seem to coincideRead More tragoed The Tragic Figure of Oedipus the King (Oedipus Rex)923 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tragic Figure of Oedipus Rex  Ã‚     Ã‚   Sophocles is perhaps one of the greatest tragedians ever. Sophocles said that a man should never consider himself fortunate unless he can look back on his life and remember that life without pain. For Oedipus Rex, looking back is impossible to do without pain. This pain stems from his prideful life. Oedipus is aware that he alone is responsible for his actions. Oedipus freely chooses to pursue and accept his own lifes destruction. Even though fate victimizesRead MoreOedipus Rex, by Sophocles822 Words   |  4 Pagesrelates to Oedipus’s situation from Oedipus Rex by Sophocles. Sophocles‘ Oedipus Rex tells the story of a monarch named Oedipus whowho becomes the unfortunate victim of circumstances beyond his control. In Oedipus Rex, Oedipus‘ downfall is not a result of excessive hubris or his actions, but rather his parents’ disgraceful actions and uncontrollable aspects of fate. Oedipus’ parents actions and decisions are a major element in Oedipus’ tragic downfall. Before Oedipus is born, Laius and Jocasta, theRead More The Role of Teiresias in Sophocles Oedipus Rex Essay1410 Words   |  6 PagesSophoclesOedipus Rex (the King) Teiresias uses his psychic abilities to foreshadow the anguish and destruction that Oedipus will encounter after he learns the truths of his life. Teiresias is also responsible for further developing the theme of blindness by using his own physical blindness to reveal to Oedipus his mental blindness. Lastly, Teiresias is ultimately responsible for imposing dramatic irony because of his great knowledge of the truth of Oedipus. In the play, Oedipus Rex, by SophoclesRead MoreT. S. Eliots Poetic Devices Essay1038 Words   |  5 Pagesuses the same poetic devices to express emotion and give an added depth to his poetry and act like a trademark in his works. One of the devices used throughout is his personification of nature. The second device he often uses is allusions to Greek mythology, Greek plays, and the Christian bible. Finally, the last device he often uses is imagery of death. Throughout the poems mentioned above this is especially apparent as it makes them all seem identifiab le to his style. T. S. Eliot often personifiesRead More Oedipus the King: Unrealistic or Realistic Essay2008 Words   |  9 PagesOedipus Rex – Unrealistic or Realistic  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   Let’s explore the traces of realsim and its opposite in Sophocles’ tragedy, Oedipus Rex.    The first obvious question is: How can this drama possibly be considered realistic since it relies so heavily on predetermination and fate in the life of the protagonist, Oedipus? As Jocasta recounts to Oedipus:    An oracle Once came to Laius (I will not say Twas from the Delphic god himself, but from His ministers)

Democracy An American Novel, by Henry Adams Essay - 956 Words

In the late 1800’s, Henry Adams wrote Democracy An American Novel, in which he portrayed Washington society through the eyes of a wealthy young widow, Mrs. Madeline Lee, who is looking for the basis of American governmental power. In her search for the basis of power, Mrs. Lee encounters many facets of Washington society, such as the types of people who control the government. The novel moves beyond a simple plot and story and includes portrayals of the basic Washington types of people, Washington society, and Adams’ assumptions about American democracy. Adams’ main assumption was that a respectable government is practically impossible. Next, he believed the US political system naturally tended towards corruption and finally, he†¦show more content†¦The cities are all corrupt, and also the towns and the counties and the States’ legislatures and the judges† (Adams 42). Through this political conversation, Adams reveals his reformer natur e and attitude towards American society in the late 1800’s. In addition, corruption of some form is always inherent in any government and larger governments have greater corruption. The nature of a republic or democracy calls for a large government to represent the people; therefore, the amount of corruption will naturally be greater in a democracy than in a small government. Partisan loyalty also effects corruption. In a strong party system like the United States, politicians are pressed to support their party’s platform and specific goals despite the moral consequences. For example, Ratcliffe tells Mrs. Lee that during the Civil War he was governor of Illinois and altered election results to ensure Illinois would vote for President Lincoln (Adams 61). Finally, a democratic government like the United States is open to citizens and special interest groups; which gives lobbyists a strong standing in American politics. Lobbyists represent individuals, organizations, and corporations in the political arena. Adams’ opinion of lobbyists is not hostile, but cold. In Adams’ book, Mrs. Baker represents Washington lobbyists. Mrs. Baker says that everyone has a price and for the cunning lobbyist; anything is possible. Mrs. Baker also hints that bribes and other illegalShow MoreRelatedDemocracy : An American Novel2141 Words   |  9 Pagesfiction, Democracy: An American Novel, is a novel in which Henry Adams skillfully addresses many social commentaries through satire and interesting characters. This novel can simply be described as a political love story. The main character, Mrs. Madeline Lightfoot Lee, originally leads her life as a â€Å"private philanthropist, amateur philosopher, and socialite† in New York (Adams v). After her husband and child died she lost her â€Å"taste for New York society† and everything that was in it (Adams 14). EventuallyRead MoreDemocracy Has Been Claimed As An Example Of Realism Literature Essay2048 Words   |  9 Pagesof the world’s quest for truth and reality in a time of confusion and rebuilding. Henry Adams’ novel Democracy has been claimed as an example of realism literature; one can explore this claim through the lens of one particular passage: â€Å"In short, the artist is compelled to exhibit the world rather as we would wish it to be, than as it was, or is, or, indeed, is like shortly to become† (161). This historical novel addresses the United States’ attempt at reconstruction following the country’s civilRead Morefamous people1742 Words   |  7 Pagesand presided over America’s second founding. 2 George Washington He made the United States possible—not only by defeating a king, but by declining to become one himself. 3 Thomas Jefferson The author of the five most important words in American history: â€Å"All men are created equal.† 4 Franklin Delano Roosevelt He said, â€Å"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself,† and then he proved it. 5 Alexander Hamilton Soldier, banker, and political scientist, he set in motion an agrarianRead MoreEffects Of Transcendionalism In American Literature2077 Words   |  9 PagesDuring the pre-American revolutionary war period, the original thirteen colonies confronted economical and societal oppression from Great Britain because of years of salutary neglect and cultural differences between the colonies and the motherland. Taxes imposed onto the American colonies prompted political and, mainly, societal changes as they see fit to change back to their original relationship with Britain and their irritating laws. As conflicts between the colonies and the motherland escalatedRead MoreKing Leopolds Ghost Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pagesthe long-lasting effects he has had on the people and the land has forever changed the Congo. The memories left behind from the atrocities that occurred and the diminished resources due to extreme exploitation has prompted the author Adam Hochschild to write the novel, King Le opold’s Ghost. Using an Afrocentric point of view Hochschild describes how the events that took place under Leopold’s orders were acts of true terror and inhumanity. Where is the Congo? Who are they? What is the mighty CongoRead MoreOn March 28, 1834, A Storm Arrived The United States Took1673 Words   |  7 Pagesthe eyes of the Senate Andrew Jackson was not fit for the power that he possessed and was being so reckless that he was threatening the Constitution. We could discuss Andrew Jackson’s many enemies in the Senate after all his most prominent enemy, Henry Clay wrote this document. But, to only discuss this would be dishonest. Andrew Jackson was a man that even said himself, â€Å"I know what I am fit for†¦I am not fit to be President† or as a woman who knew him from North Carolina said it, â€Å"If Andrew JacksonRead MoreThe War Of 18123664 Words   |  15 Pagesfederal government, even though they wanted to start new from England, the majority wanted a moderate compromise. Discussed 3/5 compromise, Louisiana Purchase, Embargo of 1807. 2.Impressment Main cause of the war of 1812, where British ships took over american merchant ships and kidnapped merchants to join the British navy. America used this as the main reason to declare war for the War of 1812 because of nationalism and defense of their nation. 3.Second Great Awakening Protestant revivalist movementRead MoreNew York City: History and Landmarks4966 Words   |  20 Pages(shell beads). Fewer than 300 people lived in New Amsterdam when the settlement moved to Manhattan. But it grew quickly, and in 1760 the city (now called New York City; population 18,000) surpassed Boston to become the second-largest city in the American colonies. Fifty years later, with a population 202,589, it became the largest city in the Western hemisphere. Today, more than 8 million people live in the city’s five boroughs. New York City in the 18th Century In 1664, the British seized NewRead MoreFrankenstein Study Guide14107 Words   |  57 PagesTHE GLENCOE LITERATURE LIBRARY Study Guide for Frankenstein by Mary Shelley i To the Teachern The Glencoe Literature Library presents full-length novels and plays bound together with shorter selections of various genres that relate by theme or topic to the main reading. Each work in the Library has a two-part Study Guide that contains a variety of resources for both you and your students. Use the Guide to plan your instruction of the work and enrich your classroom presentations. InRead MorePuritanism in the Scarlet Letter6423 Words   |  26 PagesAbstract The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s representative work, is a classical novel in American literature in the 19th century. The novel displays Puritanism’s great impact on peoples life and thought. This thesis will give a picture of puritans’ life and ideology through the analysis of the Puritan town Boston and some related characters, and introduce how the communities in the town are deeply influenced by Puritanism. Meanwhile, by analyzing the main character Hester, the thesis will

Culture Labor And Legality. Being Inside A World That

Culture: Labor and Legality Being inside a world that is not your own, a world that is so different from your beliefs and ideas. A world whose culture is different from yours. Where the work ethic, home life, and family connections all differ. Imagine a world in which people are judged based on the color of their skin without giving them a second look or listening to their story; listening to where they are from. This is a common trend in American society; a society where we commonly think is equal and about empowerment but that is just our ideal perspective not our reality. Reality a world where it is true to the way things are. Family is defined as a group consisting of parents and children but to the lions, family is who they work†¦show more content†¦That is commitment. That is Principle. The Lions faithfully bond with their families and the values they have provide example that. They will do anything for their families to be able to have stable economy, and a happy life. The lions risk it all to give what they can to those around them. Although Chuy sends money back to his family, it is also believed that when you get married you no longer need to send money and it transitions into a nuclear family, in which means lions like Chuy will no longer be expected to help support his family in Mexico but the family he created for himself instead. â€Å"...To which these workers’ live have become truly and probably permanently transnational: the workers in Mexico mostly say they want to come back to the United States, and the workers in the United States mostly want to return to Mexico. Close relationships with friends and families in both Mexico and the United States mean that the lions will forever emotionally reside in both places.† (Gomberg-Muà ±oz, pg62) The emotional toll the Lions took to be able to support their values is a huge one, the life they live in is one in which they will never be able to find just one home happily. 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Procurement of Labour By International Companies

Question: Discuss about theProcurement of Labour By International Companies. Answer: Introduction The report takes an in-depth look into the working of Construction companies working abroad. At this moment different aspect of recruitment from various nations is looked into whereby the legal, social, economic factors too would get an insight. The ways to manage the cultural and social issues to maintain a working relationship between the workforces is discussed. Further, the effects that may put a barrier would be critically analyzed with preventive measures that may be followed in such case. Various industrial examples from Construction Company sourcing manpower from other nations would be highlighted discussed and seen to find pros and cons of sourcing from different cultures and social background. The benefits as well and the difficulties are being studied here for the overview of the manpower sourcing from abroad (El-Higzi, 2002). Construction Industry The international business of construction has seen a boom post reforms in the World Trade Organization with Its General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) treaty. Several other continental treaties have then taken place. However, not all construction companies wish to venture abroad as it includes a great amount of risk. Not understanding the Political, social, economic, cultural aspects may make the business show its failure in the Domestic market as well. Nevertheless, great deals of nations have come to the free trade agreements and have engaged in trans-border construction business along with other businesses. The communication and transport business technology and business developments have made it more probable to happen. Hence, transnational investments in infrastructure are very much in the broad picture (Gunhan and Arditi, 2005). The globalization has brought in the needed competition in the business where the consumers have the power of bargaining. Thus the services and innovations in this field are happening fast. Risk diversification may bring in risk in other forms like manpower problems which are not unusual in the industry. The people in search of work are venturing into foreign markets to fulfill the needed manpower gaps (Shen et al., 2001). For example, the Saudi Arabia or UAE in the Middle Eastern nations, have people coming from various nations to work on the projects taken up by various European and US based construction companies. The International projects for the business of US or Europe become tough due to the complex situation of manpower coming in. The state may have its policy while the company its own. There the differences are usually settled at the basic stages. The South East Asian nations which have an inferior economy are the largest source of labor in the industry in this region. The worth of this market is USD 3 trillion while the developing nation's market share is USD 750 Billion. This segment is the largest regarding active international players (McCaffree, 2008). The business success is dependent on how the business manages this complex network of Client, people in the business along with profitability from the projects. The basic motive of construction business like any other is profits, market diversification ensuring domestic market fluctuations being well handled and keep up the margins for the shareholders during the time of stress. The diversification comes at a risk where the network of manpower resources, the major tangible resource comes in (Yates, 1994). The development of a global strategy based on few basic nations, understanding and performing well their guarantees the confidence to diversify. The knowledge gained in the process of foreign ventures helps to sustain and drive the global business development ideas forward. The construction markets are largely based out of the developing nations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America and those in Central and Eastern Europe. Hence, the businesses which have developed their competence in the local market in a specific field look for the entry in the other market with the previous credentials (Hancock et al., 1996). However, there are strategies that which gives the business a guideline is as follows: Market selection with characteristic, component and strategic advantage study, Managing the Marketing Mix where product pricing and policy mix is well suited for the business, The knowledge of international transactions and billing process and guarantee market studies, Organizational Structure that suits the particular market and choice of management strategies that needs to be adopted, Policies of participation like agreements and such deal documentations (Kaming et al., 1998). These give the business the go-ahead for the venturing in the foreign markets. Managing the staff therein for immigrated or local staffs is the question this strategic for the business deploys. The studies show that the best of Global infrastructure consultants comes from America, Japan and European firms. Hence, the strategies they adopt are acquisition of the local counterparts, joint venture with a local construction company and of course Global revenue from various sources to go global (Yates, 1995). The exporting of the construction is the way to go global needs a proper understanding of the market and its culture therein for a foreign investor. Thus the domestic market risks are reduced with foreign ventures. The level of demands, trade regulations, political climate and manpower skills available to have the job done are few aspects these companies looks into. Thus it helps the firm to determine the standardized or adaptive code of business market they are in. The marketing str ategies and expenditure or returns from those projects, form a huge role in making the investment decisions for an infrastructure company (Sayem, 2012). Manpower of the Industry The construction industry is a very manpower oriented industry which needs such manpower and outsources it from the lesser economies so that the most profitable ventures can be accommodated. The lesser economies provides the venture with needed source of manpower who wish to raise their standard of living by working in these upmarket economy projects that earns well for the brand and thus people working therein (Thomas, 2002). However, each business has its own kind of need like foreign market regulations to get the manpower needed for such projects. The business has to be clear about the laws of the land and strategise its manpower needs likewise. These tributes to nationality requirements, facilitation of entry and stay till the services are done, accelerating the licensing of foreign professional for best of outputs, an outlet in the nation of business that may conduct the processes and possibility of considering the qualifications acquired by the foreign professionals (Jaselskis and Talukhaba, 1998). However, the developed and developing nations have their own nature of development programs. Hence, planning, resource allocation, cost efficiency, supervision are few aspects those becomes primary in a foreign construction project. The government regulations are very fragmented in across these industries depending on the land and place the project is happening. The wages forms a major part where the education and manpower skills make the barrier to introduce local faces in the workforce. Further, to become a global economy the professional and infrastructural needs may not be present where the firm may fall into a space where the trading space, technology available, skills availability, physical equipment and finance may cause problems. The developing economies often shows a lack of investment and infrastructure development capability to its developed counterparts as the resource like finance and budgets often gets a change with change in political or social changes in the nation (J indas Gade, 2016). Productivity of a personnel is dependent upon the technology and instruments used for the projects makes the Source of labour, Skill levels and proportion of labour as well as mechanization makes a lot of difference in the productive outputs of a certain economy. The extent of mechanization would lead to labour choice and skill needed for the sector. In developing economies a larger plant with skilled labour is more effective than smaller plant with more labour intensive production. Further, the skill of the labour gang too determines the kind of supervision needed to maintain such a gang of labours. Nevertheless, the cultural and political implication of labour resources being brought into a nation may also affect the choice of labour. Again, local political ethnic representation in the work or labour supply is another issue which needs to be dealt with and acted as per the situation. Nevertheless, on the job training is at times taken up by the host government to supply quality lab our to attract multinational companies to work in those economies (Kapila and Hendrickson, 2001). Safety and Security at the Job The issues of social and economic development play an important role in the host nation where the construction company is supposed to work. The role of the legislations to protect people from lack of statutory regulations, labour intensity and inadequate infrastructure are few among many which also determine the role of labour in the nation. The construction accidents are common and the source of de-motivation among the labour force. Hence the way the safety and security of the job is dealt with is important for the company to continue working on a site and thus keep expanding as per their objectives. The workers in some case do not want improvements in site safety and security of life as they find it natural in the business to see tragedy of such nature. Working standards and statutory regulations along with their implementation are very much a deed of the day as they are habituated to apathy of the construction companies at home (Vu and Carmichael, 2009). Nevertheless, the construction companies are seeing improvements in the shared responsibility of developed and developing nations in this sector. The use of safety gears and proper standard safety education are coming in fast to fill the space which was vacant for some time (Zhi, 1995). However, the people associated with the business have to be competent in the cause where they wish to see the change and find security of job after pointing out the gaps in safety measures. The studies have shows that the sector of construction has people who get motivation from the scale of pay, good relationship with the employer and workmates and a good overtime payments for the extra hours put in. Such aspects are the issues which at times are missed in developing economies due to pressure of employment in developing economies. The job is more important than the safety and security issues which vary from one culture to another depending upon where the construction is ongoing (Loosemore and Muslman i, 1999). Technology of plants and equipment vary in many different economies due to difference in the Research and development initiatives in those nations. This creates the difference in the technical outcome of the process if they are not addressed with much deeper thoughts and actions. The climatic extremes, innovations, inappropriate material of work, skill of the people working, geo-ethnical problems and inadequate maintenance or inadequate design for such conditions makes the most of the problems related to job safety and security of the people involved (Mohamed, 2004). National and Cultural Differences in Manpower sourcing The understanding of cross-cultural differences is important for the industry which the globalization has brought in. Most of the Latin American Jobs are designed by the Canadian and US infrastructure enterprises and executed by German or English Companies with materials coming from China and Australia. One aspect of design and its significance in geopolitical scene is the design of roofs and basement strengths of the buildings. The difference is valuable for both the designers and end users as each part of the globe has its own geological aspect that would make the engineering practices and approaches different in various terms (Williams and Lilley, 1993). Further the parties involved in international business are dependent on the parties those affects the working of the firm outside its territory in terms of those stakeholders organizational cultures and practices. The culture here is significantly divided into national and organizational culture for this sector. The national cultu re signifies the shared values and typifies the society which lies beneath it. The dressing styles, food habits, mannerism, code of conduct are few to mane in the case of cultural differences. Thus one has to know what they may expect when travelling from one economy to other (Greer and Ford, 2009). The organizational culture symbolize the single specific trait of a culture where the code of business is directed for all irrespective of culture or geopolitical location to give a unity of behaviour at work. This indicates the organizational value chain and infrastructure with management control over people in the organization. The ethnic culture may make one think or behave in manner which may not befit the culture of others thus the organizational culture gives the direction needed to build the controls clear and have fairness in its dealings. The cultural dimensions which give the people of a culture aspects which may be absent in others (Thieblot, 2002) Uncertainty avoidance: Some cultures do not want to take risk in terms of uncertainty and some are willing to take more risk. Individualism vs. Collectivism: Individualism is linked with one-upmanship whereas collectivism is where all takes a collected decision and work towards it. The western cultures which gives more stress on individual success and leadership while the Eastern cultures like Japan and Korean depend on collective work where individual interest is not as much as the group decision is concerned (Raftery et al., 1998). Power Distance: In some culture the boss and subordinate relationship sees a huge gap as the eastern civilizations shows here the boss directs and the workers follows it with utmost obedience. The west however gives the chance to shorten the gap between the people and the boss. Here all have a say and have opinion which are taken into consideration. Thus, the power gap suggests the opinion of the people and their importance in decision making. Masculinity vs. Femininity: The masculinity suggests the ambition and male power dominance in the culture while feminism is associated with humanitarian values and personal relationships, sympathy and interdependence (Ofori, 2003). These are few aspects that cross-cultural communication present a challenge for the people in an organization which has a diversified group of people in the folds of the workmen. The Pros and Cons of International Labour procurement The people when procured for the construction jobs from various cultures make the stage complex which has both its positives and negatives. The positives are that the gang of people for the construction job of the needed nature of skills and technology knowledge available with them. The one with little or no cross-cultural competence makes the business operations complex for the people working on a project for the management to control or get the best out of them. Further, the dispute between people of various cultures makes the working situations complex in a culture gap where miscommunication is the main trait of such gap. The miscommunication along with social and ethnic discrimination is an issue that one may feel in a different nation (Pheng and Leong, 2000). The pros are like that the construction company in a region may get the needed labor force from a different economy with the needed skills at various levels where the economic difference between two nations makes it an attractive prospect. The cross-cultural issues may arise at various levels of the business which needs an instant solution to keep the operations running without any loss of precious time. Gestures, words, and behavior may be the cause of grievance for one set of people due to the ethnic ways of various cultures. These are the cons which may be settled with interactive sessions and a well documented and applied an organizational policy which makes the work regulated and gets a free flow (Dillon et al., 2013). The managers have to be well aware of the people they are working with and the kind of supervision that would suit the job the best along with team formation with best of skills for a particular job. Cross-cultural issues at an organizational level are best settled with the directive of policies and well adherence to it in times of crisis. The economic benefits for the company into construction in a different land are the beneficiary in case of transcultural migration for jobs in search of a better life back home. However, the level of satisfaction in a job makes it important for the construction company to carry on with their agenda (Ramcharran, 1998). The Ways to Avoid Cultural Pitfalls The cross-cultural pitfalls are well attended with best of cross-cultural issue understanding and actions to revisit them on time. The clarity of the ideas associated with the job has to be clear to all and to get more understanding of the people's knowledge of what is being propagated can be measured with a small question answer session. The people have to be made free in such a condition where they may ask questions for more clarity and get the answer. The details of the stages of construction and each of the people associated and their involvement makes a huge difference. A summary of the decisions made has to be communicated to all, and their suggestions and questions need to be answered to get the needed and intended clarity in the job role. This simplifies the man to man communication and makes the people understand what is expected out of them along with their rights and responsibilities (Volpp, 2011). Conclusions The different cultural aspect of the economies is discussed along with the web of the operational network that the construction business has generated post-globalization. The pros and cons of having an immigrating labor force in the construction business are common due to skill gaps or necessary manpower required to do business in a certain state. The management approach, as well as policy framing and making it known to all, is a way to solve the problem. The ways to avoid the cultural pitfalls in manpower procurement in the construction business at different levels and the ways to address the grievances remains the cornerstone of such policy. References Dillon, H., Adair, L., Wang, Z. and Johnson, Z. (2013). Slow and steady wins the race: Life history, mate value, and mate settling.Personality and Individual Differences, 55(5), pp.612-618. El-Higzi, F. A. (2002) Examining international trade flow for Australian construction companies, International Journal of Social Economics, 29(6), 491-507. Greer, B. and Ford, M. (2009). MANAGING CHANGE IN SUPPLY CHAINS: A PROCESS COMPARISON.Journal of Business Logistics, 30(2), pp.47-63. Gunhan, S. and Arditi, D., (2005) Factors affecting international construction. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management-ASCE, Vol. 131, 273-282. Hancock M., Ghai V. and Root, D. (1996)."Selection and Training of Expatriate Managers in Multi-National Construction Firms", Internal unpublished paper, University of Bath, UK. Jaselskis, E. and Talukhaba, A. (1998) Bidding considerations in developing countries. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, 124(3), 185-192. Jindas Gade, R. (2016). A Proposed Solution to the Problem of Construction Industry Overruns: Lean Construction Techniques and Linear Programming.Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(25). Kaming, P.F., Holt, G.D., Kometa, S.T. and Olomolaiye, P.O. (1998). Severity diagnosis of productivity problems a reliability analysis. International Journal of Project Management, 16(2), 107-113. Kapila, P. and Hendrickson, C. (2001) Exchange rate risk management in international construction ventures, Journal of Management in Engineering, ASCE, 17(4), 186-191. Loosemore, M. and Muslmani, H.S. (1999) Construction project management in the Persian Gulf: inter-cultural communication, International Journal of Project Management, 17(2), 95-100. McCaffree, K. (2008). Regional Labor Agreements in the Construction Industry.Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 9(4), p.595. Mohamed, S. (2004) Performance in international construction joint ventures: modelling perspective. J. Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, 129(6), 619-626. Ofori, G. (2003) Preparing Singapores construction industry for the knowledge-based economy: practices, procedures and performance. Construction Management and Economics, 21(2), 113-125. Pheng, L.S. and Leong, C.H.Y. (2000) Cross-cultural project management for international construction in China, International Journal of Project Management, 18(5), 307-316. Raftery, J., Pasadilla, B., Chiang, Y.H., Hui, E.C. and Tang, B.S. (1998). Globalization and construction industry development: Implications of recent developments in the construction sector in Asia, Construction Management and Economics, 16(6), 729-737. Ramcharran, H. (1998), Obstacles and opportunities in international engineering services, Journal of Management in Engineering, ASCE, 14(5), 38-46. Sayem, M. (2012). Values Orientation in Business Through Service Innovation: A Conceptual Framework.International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains, 3(4), pp.1-12. Shen, L. Y., Wu, G. W. C. and Ng, C .S. K. (2001) Risk assessment for construction joint ventures in China. J. Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, 127(1), 76-81. Thieblot, A. (2002). Technology and labor relations in the construction industry.Journal of Labor Research, 23(4), pp.559-573. Thomas, H.R. (2002) Construction practices in developing countries Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, 128(1), 1-7. Volpp, L. (2011). Framing Cultural Difference: Immigrant Women and Discourses of Tradition.differences, 22(1), pp.90-110. Vu, A. and Carmichael, D. (2009). Cultural Difference and Conflict Management - A Vietnamese-Australian and Construction Industry Case Study.International Journal of Construction Management, 9(2), pp.1-19. Williams, R. G. and Lilley, M. M. (1993) Partner selection for joint venture agreement. International Journal of Project Management, 11(4), 223-237. Yates, J.K. (1994). Forces driving competition in the EC Industry in the 1980s and competitive transitions in the 1990s. Engineering Management Journal, 6(4), 13-16. Yates, J.K. (1995) Competition beyond the Year 2000 in the EC Industry, Engineering Management Journal, 7(1), 33-37. Zhi, H. (1995) Risk management for overseas construction projects. International Journal of Project Management, 13(4), 231-237.

There are too many people, and too few human beings Robert Zend Essay Example For Students

There are too many people, and too few human beings Robert Zend Essay There are too many people, and too few human beings. Robert Zend Even though there are many people on this planet, there are very few civilized people. Most of them are naturally savaged. In the book, Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, boys are stranded on an island far away, with no connections to the adult world. These children, having no rules, or civilization, have their true nature exposed. Not surprisingly, these childrens nature happens to be savagery. Savagery can clearly be identified in humans when there are no rules, when the right situation arouses, and finally when there is no civilization around us. We will write a custom essay on There are too many people, and too few human beings Robert Zend specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Without rules, savagery takes over. Without rules, man is free to do whatever he desires. Meaning, their true nature will be exposed. That nature is surely savagery. For example, when you watch little kids, you tend to notice that if one has a toy, the other will start a fight just to get a toy. Since the kids dont know the difference between rights and wrong, theyre just expressing themselves naturally, which happens to be savagery. Here is a quote from Golding from chapter 4 of his book that proves that rules are the basis to civilization. Roger gathered a handful of stones and began to throw them. Yet there was a space round Henry, perhaps six yards in diameter, into which he dare not throw. Here, invisible yet strong, was the taboo of the old life. Round the squatting child was the protection of parents and school and policemen and the law. This quote shows that Roger is slowly losing the rules of the civilized world as time passes. In this passage by Golding, Roger is throwing rocks, but is still afraid of the societys rules. Later in the book he kills Piggy by rolling a boulder from the top of the mountain showing how his savagery has increased through out the novel without the books. Golding inserts a beautiful, short quote expressing them naturally, which happens to be savagery. Kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood! à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" pg. 152 The kids dance around a slaughtered mother pig, excitedly spilling the pigs intestines on the ground and rubbing the blood on each others faces. Does this seem like something normal kids would do? No, its not because there would be a parent or a higher authority setting rules for them, to tell them otherwise. In the book by Golding, Lord of the Flies, when all authority is taken out of the picture, the kids are free to do whatever they want. This is where their true nature is exposed. The boys dont put into practice their teachings from church/school on the island, but become savage beasts. This shows us that man is civilized in our society, only because of the fear for higher authority, not because thats their nature. Man can only cover up inner savagery so long, before it breaks out, given the right situation. This states

Wilder Mansion Restoration essay

Wilder Mansion Restoration essay Through The Eyes of A StumpA gloomy dark green moss now grows on a concrete stump that remembers a day when its coat of paint was immaculate and it stood as the foundation for a burnished bronze statue of a woman and two children. Those days are long gone, and now everything the stump sees and hears seems dismal. The flagpole tells the stump that he is lucky not to be able to see the rusty jungle that has become the Wilder Mansion . The iron rails at the entrance, the medal pipes on the sides, even the flagpole himself, all display the years in their orange, rusted skin. For the past sixty years organizations, such as Save Our History, have fought to restore and preserve historical landmarks. The Wilder Mansion has stood predominantly in the Elmhurst community since 1868. The mansion is a part of the American heritage and to destroy it for a frivolous reason like a parking lot is to sell out ones heritage.Winnebago familyThe flagpole tells the stump that the pillars that once stood a t the entrance, all white and pristine, are now dirty with yellow rust stains from the hanging wires and rusted nails. The stump replies with an elaborate description of the green wood in dire need of restoration and the plants in dire need of taming. The cupola and the chimney sit atop the Wilder Mansion and stare at the tattered roof, that hasn't felt the touch of man in three years, and dwell on their own ragged appearance. They grieve over the fact that they used to hover over Wilder Park and flaunt the solid coat of white on their wooden surface which is now partially bare. The mansion shows the wear of time on its exterior but if it were...

Facing the enigma of Californias Water Crisis Essay

Facing the enigma of Californias Water Crisis - Essay Example These include water conservation, recycling and ground water desalination. The San Francisco/Bay Area's agribusinesses, wildlife habitats, and fisheries are gravely endangered by state and federal agencies' plans to increase water diversions from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, rivers, and estuaries. Already, water exports are killing fish indigenous to the area and poisoning water quality in upstream rivers and the delta. Increasingly, these diversions will only add to the problem, while subsidizing corporate produce growers in the San Joaquin Valley and urban sprawl in Southern California. The planned diversion is unnecessary because there are possible solutions through conservation, water recycling, and ground water desalination. The growing demand for water, at a low cost, can be met without further imperiling Northern California's wildlife and water quality. Water use in California is very high due to a combination of factors. One, it being an agricultural state, and the other, is its population rate continues to rise rapidly. Keene's (2003) research finds that, "California's population is projected to increase by 600,000 every year." Water is a precious and limited resource. Yet there are few who are aware of this. We waste our water down the drain all the time. Since it is a public resource, we treat it as our property and not value it as much. California, like many other places, is well known to face problems related to power and oil. Yet what is much less known is the growing water crisis. As California's population keeps growing and new industries emerging, the demand for water and consumption also increases. So diversions were created in "the Bay-Delta Estuary, which includes the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, Suisun Marsh and the embayments upstream of the Golden Gate. The Delta and Suisun Marsh are located where California's two major river systems, the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, converge to flow westward through San Francisco Bay" (State Water Resource Control Board, 1998). California diverts more than half of the water that naturally flows through this ecosystem. The water was drained faster than the rain could refill it. As billions and billions of gallons were diverted, there appeared to be concerns about the quality and shortage of water. This idea of water diversions is not something new. "For 150 years, the Bay-Delta has suffered from human activity. Frequent pumping from the Bay-Delta has made it no longer function adequately as either a water supply or a healthy habitat for fish and other wildlife" (The Bay-Delta, 2004). So what are these diversions According to the hyper dictionary the word diversions have three different meanings. 1. The direction of water in a stream away from its natural course. 2. The draft of water from one channel to another 3. The interception of runoff by something which discharges it through unnatural channels In plain words these water diversions are man-made and unnatural. The Delta is an important part of California. Reviews of research on the Bay-Delta (2004) find, businesses from Sacramento to the Bay Area and all the way down to southern part of California in San Diego--all rely on the Bay-Delta water. Whatever the kind of industry--computer sciences, healthcare or construction--most need large volumes of

Information paper on the XM-25 Weapon And Ammunition Essay

Information paper on the XM-25 Weapon And Ammunition - Essay Example With the increase in caliber the weight of the module grenade and ammunition also increased, so that the mass of complex weapon XM29 became excessive and it was decided to divide it into two separate systems. In general it is possible that in future, by reducing the masses the components again will be combined into one compact machine gun, grenade launcher and aiming module. In the current configuration of XM25 the grenade launcher operator must have an individual self-defense weapon – a pistol or a shortened machine gun. The main purpose of XM25 is expansion and enhancement of opportunities of infantry firing at the squad level. It is assumed that this system will complement such existing means of fire support as 40mm grenade launcher (M203 or XM320) and machine guns M249SAW. Through the use of a combined aiming system XM104, combining day and night channels, laser rangefinder, ballistic computer, compass and external interfaces, XM25 will greatly increase the efficiency of hitting compared to the existing 40mm grenade launcher. Sighting range of 25mm grenade will be up to 500 meters against point targets (window of a house, machine-gun, etc.) and up to 700 m against area targets. The main type of ammunition will be XM25 HEAB (High Explosive Air Bursting) grenade type. Programming the distance of the explosion will occur automatically according to the laser range finder just before the shot. If necessary (e.g. due to refuse of sighting system) HEAB type grenades can be impact-detonated. In addition to grenades of HEAB type XM25 can use the shots with warheads of other types, including thermobaric (air explosives), armor-piercing cumulative (armor up to 50mm), cluster for close combat (filled with arrow-shaped striking elements), non-lethal (tear gas or rubber bullets). By the present time samples of XM25 grenade launcher has already being field tested under combat conditions in Afghanistan. XM25 grenade launcher is a magazine-fed

Role of Marriage in Society

Role of Marriage in Society Culture is defined as the dynamic system of rules established by groups (Matsumoto Juang, p. 10). Marriage is one of the norms established by people, which reflect attitude, beliefs and behaviors. Marriage is an interpersonal relationship with communal or religious acknowledgment which is often created as an agreement. Marriage is rooted effectually in almost every society except where common law partners are recognized. It is the bond that exclusively consents a sexual relationship, especially in collectivist countries where sex before marriage is considered a sin, likewise some societies, especially collectivist countries also require official approval of religious or civil body. Across cultures, the anatomies of ancestral standards are different. Beliefs of what comprises a family are based on culture, dynamics, assets, and ethics. In many cultures, extended family which includes married couples staying in the home of their parents is a form of showing love and respect for exampl e in Pakistan; marriage is also basis for having children in those societies. Since issues like fornication and having children outside of marriage is considered taboo so to grow a family in collectivist cultures getting married is must. Our attributions, interpersonal and romantic relationships and group behaviors are all influenced by the culture we live in thus resulting in the attitudes we have towards a specific actions we take. Support gap, depression and illness including marital satisfaction, communication pattern and attitudes towards marriage, they all differ across cultures and will be discussed. Attitude towards marriage being the most important one, because the whole idea of relationship relies on the individuals perspective and preferences. It depends on the individual to see it as a social foundation which administer structure, support, growth and stability or see it as an economic arrangement or as a part of religious institution. The western society might pay more importance to love whereas collectivist cultures might see as an obligatory and as a religious foundation to have family. Spousal Social Support: Social support for women is greatly reduced in machismo cultures (Matsumoto Juang, p. 198). The conformity and obedience are expected by women and is related to traditional gender roles that females and males have occupied; with male traditionally being in power. Such differences result in loss of support especially in cultures where women tend to get married at a young age; since getting married at an early age is a form of economic survival it is also seen as a way to guard the female gender and to administer some adherence in settings where society is under pressure for example India. The support a married couple gets from their significant partner is substantial, because support from outside the marriage does not compensate for the lack of spousal support (Xu Burleson). Belle (1982) termed support gap hypothesis which is that women receive less support from their husband compared to men even though the study Belle did was in 1980 and it has been almost a decade, the study done by Xu and Burleson indicates that social change in sex role relations has not changed. The different kinds of support received are emotional support, esteem support, network support, tangible support and informational support. Research indicates that men are less comfortable and less skilled in discussing distressed emotional state (Burda Vaux 1987; Saurer Eisler, 1990; Trobst, Collins Embree, 1994). In Cross Cultural comparison of social support, Mortneson (1999) found that members of the American individualistic cultures viewed seeking of social support as more appropriate means of coping with problems than did members of the Chinese collectivist cultures. American individualists also rated the provision of emotional support as more appropriate form of emotional support than did Chinese Collectivists. Study done by Xu and Burleson, included 100 native born Americans and 102 native born Chinese; 45% of the sample were between 18-24 yrs of age and not exceeding 33 years. All participants were recently married i.e. not more than 5 years. The study tried to obtain desired and experienced levels of spousal support for the five types of social support (emotional, esteem, network, informational and tangible). Participants also responded to demographic questions that provided information on age, sex, race, national origin, length of time they had known their spouse and the time they have been married. The results indicated a vast difference between Chinese support system vs. American support system; Chinese men reported getting more esteem and network support from their spouse than Chinese women versus American women who experienced higher level of support from their spouse than did men. Sex differences were found amongst Chinese and American women, both face a support gap but Chinese wom en face an additional gap with respect to network support. The results provided Cross-cultural corroboration for the existence of support gaps, i.e. the less network support for Chinese wives that is because Chinese wives were reliant on their husbands for social contacts outside their home. Chinese also reported in getting more information support than did Americans, which could arise from Individualism-Collectivism; a cultural factor. Americans view intimate relationship in terms of personal affect changes whereas Chinese in terms of connection with community. American men reported getting low level of spousal support than Chinese men that is because in traditional value system, wives have an obligation to support the egos and social connections of their husbands and husbands have lesser responsibility. Results indicate that marriage remains more influenced by traditional values among Chinese men than Americans. Depression and Illness including Marital Satisfaction across Cultures In collectivist societies, marriage is the central reality of a womans life and the blue print on which her life depends. Epidemiological studies confirm the special vulnerability of women, especially married women, in South Asia (Johnson Johnson, 2001). High rates of domestic violence (Jejeebhoy, 1998); female illiteracy, malnutrition, anemia and maternal mortality are major public health problems (Buckshee, 1997). Psychiatric epidemiological studies consistently identify high rates of depression and other neurotic illnesses in women and the gender ratio of these disorders on the subcontinent is higher than the gender ratio in the West (Mumford et al., 1996). Among married women in Pakistan, especially among newly married women, attempted suicide (Khan Reza, 1998) and death rates from murder and suicide are higher than in are higher than in many other societies and are usually associated with in-law conflicts, especially dowry disputes (Kumar, 2004). Smaller scale studies of menta l health and illness have found that a variety of disorders such as depression and post-partum depression were strongly associated with marital problems, particularly maltreatment by husband or in-laws (Patel et al., 2002; Ulrich, 1987). Women immigrants report higher rates of depression and dysphoria than Native American women (Karasz, 2005). A study of traditional South Asian immigrant women and white European American women found that European American women viewed depressive symptoms as the result of personality structures shaped by childhood experiences, or by patho-physiological processes such as serotonin deficiency or hormonal imbalance. South Asian women, by contrast, viewed depressive illness as a normal emotional reaction to severe situational stress, especially marital distress, and to the vulnerabilities associated with womens gender roles (Karasz, 2005). The present study by Karasz examines how women understand the link of marital family problems and a wide range of health problems by examining their conceptual representations of the causal relationship between marriage roles, health and illness. Using qualitative methods and a model of illness representation from health psychology literature, 35 traditional South Asian immigrant women living in New York City were interviewed. Results indicated that problems associated with marriage roles, including marital and marital family conflict, domestic overwork and isolation were viewed as extremely serious and were associated conceptually with a variety of health problems. In another study done by Qadir, De Silva, Prince and Khan, tested the applicability of marital satisfaction scales developed in the West for use in Pakistan. The results indicate that, contrary to cultural beliefs regarding marriage, most women expressed the need to be satisfied within marriage, which was found to be extremely low because of variety of reasons such as living in an extended family background and low spousal support. Communication Patterns Rehman and Munroe did a study and used cross-cultural methodology to examine the demand-withdraw pattern of marital communication. In Western countries, women make more demands, whereas men are more likely to withdraw. This advanced marital structure hypothesis suggests that this pattern can be altered by gender roles and beliefs, particularly in traditional marriages (Rehman Munroe, 2006). To test such hypotheses, the authors conducted an observational study of marital communication across very different cultures, with varying levels of patriarchy (i.e., 50 White American couples, 52 Pakistani couples in Pakistan, and 48 immigrant Pakistani couples in America). A questionnaire was used to gather demographic information, such as age and education. The Short Marital Adjustment Test (SMAT; Locke Wallace, 1959); a standard measure of marital adjustment with well-established psychometric properties was the measure of marital satisfaction level. The Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS; Straus, 1979); was used to screen out violent couples. Modified General Ethnicity Questionnaire (GEQ; Tsai, Ying, Lee, 2000); only the immigrant couples completed this measure of acculturation to U.S. culture. Unable to find acculturation measures designed for The Desired Changes Questionnaire; the DCQ was used to choose topics for each couple to discuss during their marital interactions. Twenty areas are listed (e.g., Get together with my friends).3 For each area, spouses rated how much they wanted their partner to change (1- no change; 7- much more); they then listed at least two additional issues on which they wanted partner change and rank ordered their three most important issues. Each couple was also asked to discuss for 7.5 minutes, which were later coded. Across cultures, demand-withdraw communication was related to marital distress, extending previous findings to new groups. The results for demanding behaviors showed that Pakistani wives were significantly more likely to engage in unassertive demands than were American wives, whereas American wives were significantly more likely to use aggressive demands than were Pakistani wives. In addition, among Pakistani and immigrant couples, husbands were significantly more likely than were wives to use aggressive demands, whereas American wives were significantly more likely to use aggressive demands than were American husbands. There was a trend for American husbands to be more likely to withdraw than their wives. In contrast, in the Pakistani group, wives were significantly more likely to withdraw than were husbands. In addition, Pakistani and immigrant wives were significantly more likely to withdraw than were American wives, whereas American husbands were significantly more likely to with draw than were Pakistani husbands. Pakistani and immigrant wives showed increased withdrawal and made more unassertive demands, whereas Pakistani and immigrant husbands withdrew less and made more aggressive demands. Attitudes towards Marriage Attitude is one of the definitions in Jungs Chapter XI of Psychological Types. Jungs description of attitude is a readiness of the psyche to act or react in a certain way (Jung, [1921] 1971:par. 687). One of the types of attitudes Jung describes is, rational attitude, which is reason as an attitude (Jung, [1921] 1971: par. 785). Rational attitude is subdivided into thinking and feeling and irrational is subdivided into sensing and intuition. Attitude towards marriage involves, readiness to act in a certain way, whether you are capable of considering it rationally or irrationally. Why an individual chooses to get married? (voluntarily and involuntarily) differs across cultures. In collectivist cultures, it is seen as the only way of having family, fornication is not only considered a sin but also an individual can be severely punished which can lead to his/her death; some countries also have laws protecting it for example Saudi Arabia. Higgins, Zheng, Liu and Sun did a study to compare the attitude towards marriage amongst people living in China (collective culture) and United Kingdom (individualistic culture). The British sample consisted of 338 students and the Chinese sample consisted of 505 students. A questionnaire was devised by Chinese and English researchers working together. Respondent cultural differences in response style were noted (Higgins, Zheng, Liu Sun, 2002). According to Triandis, Brislin, and Hui (1988), people who belong to collectivist, group-oriented societies are more likely to value harmony, face-saving, modesty, and moderation and this may manifest itself in neutral answers to attitude scales. Respondents were asked for their opinion using a 5-point Likert scale. In this study, students were asked for their general attitude to sex before marriage. A total of 46.3% of Chinese men and 41.2% of Chinese women gave neutral answers, a higher percentage of Chinese female students (46.9%) were aga inst sex before marriage than were Chinese male students (29.9%). The next statements concerned the connection between premarital sex and marriage. Most British students (85.2% men, 91.3% women) disagreed with A couple who have had sexual intercourse before marriage ought to marry each other, whereas only a few Chinese (12.9% men, 11.4% women) disagreed. The belief that sex is designed for marriage is still firmly held by many Chinese people and exerts a strong influence on their attitudes (Higgins, Zheng, Liu Sun, 2002). When asked about their willingness to marry a partner who had had sex with somebody else, over half of the British respondents (54.0% men, 50.6% women) did not seem to worry about their partners previous sexual experience whereas their Chinese counterparts (34.0% men, 36.5% women) appeared to be less agreeable to the idea. 87.1% male and female 94.3% students were against freedom to have lovers within marriage. This attitude was also prevalent among the Chinese sample, with 65.6% of men and 72.5% of women against extramarital lovers, this study showed that these male-superior norms still exist in the U.K. sample but are more prominent in the Chinese sample (Higgins, Zheng, Liu Sun, 2002). Culture exerts a strong influence on peoples attitudes to love, marriage, and sex. People from a more traditional society (e.g. China) have more consensus about the gender roles of men and women; adhere more to traditional morality and values; and are less open about sexual freedom (Higgins, Zheng, Liu Sun, 2002). Hojat, Shapurian, Shafeyhain and Parsi conducted a study amongst 160 Iranian immigrants in the US in 2000. The immigrants were between 20 -50 years of age, questionnaires were given which included 25 questions regarding attitude towards marriage and relationship. Results showed that Iranian immigrant men were more likely than female partners to view premarital sex, marriage and family from a traditional point of view. Another interesting study done by Wiesel and Krenawi consisted of 150 participants of different cultural backgrounds i.e. 29 were Druze, 32 were Muslims and 33 were Christians; 44 were women and 50 were men with a mean age of 34. The questionnaires were designed to reveal attitudes toward love, the marriage expectation scale, potency scale, which will reveal the control of things, and mate selection scale which revealed how the person took initiative in getting married (love or arranged). Results indicated Muslims saw love as less important for marital quality than did Druze and Christians, Muslims more than other groups correlated independent decision making with marital quality, attitude toward love and marital quality were weakly correlated among Muslims, the necessity to beget off spring and unity between families were high amongst Muslims than other groups suggesting what might keep the families together in the absence of love. The results also suggested that arranged marriages are negatively associated with marital satisfaction and low level of marital satisfaction was related with low level of education. Discussion Through a variety of perceptions, one develops an exclusive analogue of what marriage is; and the ancillary ideals concerning marriage. My mother always said that successful marriage depends on two things: finding the right person and being the right person. Since I am a Muslim, I will give several quotations from Quran; which I support as my belief and my idea of a perfect family and what a perfect husband and wife should be like. Though I must admit with time, I have come to realize that to be perfect; one must have to sacrifice a lot and since marriage is a two way street one has to give a lot in order to get anything. In Islam, marriage is treated as half-faith. When a servant of Allah marries, he has completed half of his religious obligations, and he must fear Allah in order to complete the second half (al-Baihaqi). Prophet Muhammad has also said, Marriage is part of my *Sunnah, whoever runs away from my path is not from among us. Husbands and wives are compared as garments to each other (al-Quran 2:187) Marriage gives tranquility (al-Quran 30:21) of mind in the spouses. Allah has prescribed marriage as the only way for conjugal relationship and family life in human society (al-Quran 2:221, 5:5, 24:33). With enough being said of the significance of marriage in Islam, its a shame to see that Muslim women face higher suicidal rate than men in Pakistan (Khan Reza, 1998). Most marriages in Pakistan are arranged by parents and other elders of family, with the woman having little or no say in the selection of her partner. Premarital meetings between couples are rare. Many couples meet each other for the first time on their wedding night. Newly married couples share the house with the grooms family, having little time or space of their own. Once married, a woman is under increasing pressure from her in-laws as well as her own family to have children as soon as possible, preferably in the first year. If for some reason the woman cannot have children, the threat of divorce or the husband taking on a second wife (allowed in Islam) is not uncommon. The divorce rate in Pakistan is quite low 0.3 per 1000 population (Encyclopedia Britannica, 1996, p. 686) but this does not reflect the true state of marriages. There is considerable stigma to divorce, especially for the woman. In addition, few women work outside their homes or have jobs that give them economic independence. Because most of the South Asian and Middle Eastern countries give high power to men, the spousal support is something that men living in these countries expect from women. Being a housewife, taking care of kids and most of all thinking of women as inferior is something common amongst these men. Because the families live together, there is not privacy, which gives rise to poor communication amongst married couples. My marriage was an arranged, it wasnt that my parents didnt ask me of my approval; or if I didnt get a chance to talk to my husband, before getting married, that is something that a women in Islam has the right to do and people; who are uneducated living in impoverished societies, deprive women of these right which gives rise to many social and marital problems. I must admit though, that living in an extended joined family, gave my husband and me little or no time for us, our life was going around in circles to which I always thought was no ending. But, being educated and having a liberal thinking we always made sure there was at least if not all, some privacy left, some matters that only me and my husband would discuss behind closed doors. While doing research for this paper, I sadly have to confess that women living in Asian or Middle eastern countries do suffer more, which didnt come to me as a surprise because Ive lived in Pakistan and have seen it all, but my question and concer n was who will ever put a stop to all this nonsense?. Sadly, women is a victim in these countries but women are also who are perpetuating these hatred and violence in the household. A woman can take many forms, she can be a daughter, a mother in law, a sister in law, a wife, an aunt etc. most importantly she is the one who raises a child to be the kind of person she wants to see him as; unfortunately in countries like Pakistan and India, it is the woman (mother in law) who forces their child to be stern and harsh to their wives, I think its because of the fact that they cant stand the undivided attention of their sons or maybe they think keeping a women under control will only bring out the best for their sons. Who will ever think of these women who are ignored?

Essay --

â€Å"Cyrano de Bergerac† is a play about a man named Cyrano de Bergerac, a poet and a superb swordsman who contains a terribly giant nose. He’s in love with his cousin, Roxanne. Cyrano never tells Roxanne how he feels concerning her therefore she has no idea of his love for her. Within the play Cyrano is a tragic hero. A tragic hero is a great, noble, heroic character. The dictionary.com definition of a tragic hero states, â€Å"All tragic heroes have a tragic flaw and since of that flaw the hero is destined for a downfall, suffering, or defeat: the tragic hero is the character that the majority readers will sympathize or empathize with.† Cyrano is different from the contemporary anti-hero however his death was foreshadowed by his actions. Cyrano has all of these traits. Heroic principles and values are necessary of a tragic hero. Whether its showing honor in battle, by charging at enemy lines to redeem his fallen friend Christian, or his loyalty to Roxanne by v isiting her each week and comforting her at the church until his death, displays why he was the hero. Cyrano's admirable traits may be seen as the cause of his downfall. His low self-esteem is why he's too afraid to inform Roxanne how he feels about her. He’s terrified of rejection. Not only is He to proud to ever except defeat in battle by never backing down from a fight but also he is too proud to tell Roxanne how he feels for he believes he will be defeated. This is often the reason why he has gained such a large amount of enemies throughout his life. His pride, along with his low self-esteem, is a burden that weighs him down throughout the play. Cyrano was an excellent example of a tragic hero; for he's a great hero but with tragic flaws, ultimately resulting in his defeat. His... ...ce, possesses admirable traits and characteristics, and has a tragic downfall. He’s strong and intelligent, however with a weakness over his sense of pride. His nose and how seriously he takes himself, makes him a tragic hero. He cannot believe that anybody is able to see beyond his physical characteristics. Cyrano de Bergerac does what he pleases and most actually says whatever is on his mind. He speaks through prideful actions, always thinking of how to make himself stand out or to look intelligent. He never backs down from a fight or a confrontation, and this is often where his pride will continuously persuade his sense. Cyrano only grows in pride, and his temper grows shorter, through the play so the characters don't even say the word 'nose' anywhere near him. Cyrano was a good tragic hero that the audience loves who sadly has tragic flaws that cause his demise.