Communication Technology :: Communication

Communication TechnologyI began brainstorming and searching for products of nature to complete the invention portion of my writing technology assignment. I could non use any of the modern conveniences of writing. This rule totally eliminated the pen, pencil and unconstipated nail polish that crossed my mind. I also had to determine a surface for my text considering everything must be natural but not modern. I came up with the idea to use a h unrivaledydew and charcoal. The Honeydew would become my surface and the charcoal would become my writing instrument. I settled with this idea because I believed it would meet the natural and technology requirements for the assignment. This idea was not successful because the charcoal didnt show up as well as I planned. In fact, it looked more like I was running out of charcoal and appeared very light. I realized I needed a more rugged surface. I chose a cantaloupe instead. I opted for the smallest for mobility purposes. I needed to r emain universal and somehow connect the statement to our current readings. I decided to write, Different colors, one origin, God. Love all. The text discusses two forms of communicating, oral and written. One side favors oral communication and believes written communication is inferior the other feels oral communication is not as stable as written. One side feels written communication destroys memory. Walter Ong even compares the objections against writing to the objections urged by computers (Tribble and Trubek 2003 79-81). Different cultures did not accpet the written word and chose to strike an oral culture for this reason. The oral world as such distresses literates because the sound is evanescent, (Tribble and Trubek 2003 316). This means the spoken word does not have the same perceptual constancy as the written word because sound can vanish. Whereas the written word can always be referenced. Thomas Watts said, Writing is the First Step, and Essential in fu rnishing out the Man of Business (Thornton 1996 6). It is thought of being of a professional manner when you send someone a letter. This shows that you are literate and have skill to write. For example, you would send a memo to a co-worker but not to a relative.

FRED STENSON’S - TEETH - :: English Literature

FRED STENSONS - TEETH -Teeth, by Fred Stenson, is an interesting short business relationship, with a plotspread between two hockey games and the puerility memories of the main timber. The story is written in first person, through the eyes ofa hockey player the main character - and the setting is in horse operaCanada, mainly around Canadian hockey rinks and the main charactershometown. The story presents a player, who plays hockey for moneyrather than for pleasure. The author of this story tries to ravagethe endorsers, by writing through the eyes of this player, who does notlove the game he plays. The idea that a hockey player aprofessional Canadian hockey player would dislike the game of hockeyand still play, is what shocks, confuses and keeps the readerinterested in the story. This unusual characterization of a hockeyplayer is besides important to the development of plot. Finally, thisstory gives people advice about how to live and enjoy life moreeffectively.The story begins during one of Burnss the main character - hockeygames, on a Tuesday night, not long after Christmas. The players inhis team ar quite fatigued and near the end of a game. They aresupposed to change breezes onto the ice, but Burns is lost in a daydreamabout his youth and the line change goes too slowly. For some seconds at that place is no one on the ice except the goalie and the six members ofother team. The other team scores a goal before the line change iscompleted and Burns team goes on to lose the game 5-3 (93). Thereader must conclude that the loss of the game is partly the cracking ofthe main character. This conclusion comes from the fact that he isdaydreaming about his childhood, and memories of being made to playhockey by his parents. It is at this point in the story that thereader learns of Burns dislike for the game of hockey, and throughthese daydreams that the reader discovers the main charactersmotivation to play the game is the money he is being paid. After thegame , in the dressing room, the manager is angry and threatens to sendsome of the players down to the minor leagues. When the maincharacter hears this, his reaction is not what the reader would expectof a hockey player who loves to play the game. Instead, Burnscontinues to daydream and shows a lack of respect for his teammatesand the manager. The manager mainly blames Burns for the teams loss,because he did not put out, and his lack of enthusiasm infects the

Televised Executions Essay -- Ethical Issues, Death Penalty

In recent years, more and more commonwealth have become aware(p) of crime and murder. It is fewthing that has affected them, their families and neighborhoods. Just about everyone in the world knows someone who has become a victim of murder, rape, and or robbery. In most cases the suspects are flint and have no remorse in regards to the crime they committed. Some individuals are repeat offenders who have received a slap on the wrist from the referee organisation or only faced small jail time. A recent report by the Senate judiciary Committee, called America the most violent and unsafe nation on earth, and it was noted that violent crime in America had increased by 516% since 1960 (Economist, 1992). Many individuals have tried to come up with solutions and scare tactics attempting to deter those who commit crime. It appears that solutions are failing. One author has his own theory of deterrence. George Bryjak the author of Why we should all watch Executions believe s that if the justice system televised executions to the mankind, this would deter individuals from committing crimes. Bryjak stresses his point saying deterrence relies on theory that people will refrain from participating in homicide or crime if they perceive the terror of swift and certain punishment, the death penalty could be made a more effective deterrent if executions were televised and reached a larger audience on a regular basis (Bryjak, 2001). Bryjak appeals to readers in a serious tone and makes very valid points for his reasoning. Bryjaks thus fails to provide sufficient evidence on some of his reasoning to convince readers on his position. In the article, Bryjak reaches the heart of his readers by reminding them of the man wh... ...e author doesnt convince readers by simply saying executions should be public spectacles that this would deter crime. The author even presents credible evidence from those who oppose Bryjak even agrees they make his position look ba d. The author doesnt refute that people are going to commit crimes regardless if they watch someone get executed or not. Research shows individuals are threatened everyday with the consequences they can face for disobeying the law, yet there still appears to be an increase in crime and violence. Many that commit crimes are aware of the possibility of receiving the death penalty if sentenced, even so many individuals still continue to commit acts of murder. The article is entitled Why we all should watch executions and I dont think Bryjak persuaded readers on why they should watch but more so on why there should be executions.

A Book report on The Cuckoo?s Egg by Cliff Stoll - A Cuckoo?s Fledgling :: essays research papers

A Book report on The Cuckoos bollock by drop cloth StollA Cuckoos Fledgling Although the 1980s are non generally thought of as a decade of innocence, in that location were, however, a few pockets of juvenile utopia. One such example was the rapidly expanding online community, with its assortment of up-and-coming networks that were, to many technically inclined users, a virtual McDonalds Play Place with slides, ball pits and winding tubes to explore, all rapped in a security blanket of innocence. Not until a bully invaded, did another bastion of delayed-maturity, Cliff Stoll, find that Big Bother was not eager, or perhaps unable, to repel the invader on his behalf. This led Cliff to take responsibility and stand up to his assailant, causing a transformation throughout many facets of his life. The Cuckoos Egg is the story of Cliff Stolls maturation into an adult, mirrored by the firing of innocence and youthful-trusting-openness taking place in the network community at the time, catalyzed by a hacker halfway around the world, and necessitated by a insouciant attitude among the governmental agencies supposed to be responsible for computer security. A question all parents, and some elder siblings, ask at some request is, when should I let Jr. stand on his own? and while it was only a case of bureaucracy not being equipped to right away respond to a situation, this lack of response forced a man out of his comfort zone, gave him something to care about, and eventually made for an interesting book. It could even be hypothesized that Cliffs decision to marry was aided by the paradigm shift he experienced during the course of his hacker chase (Stoll 356). The delay of handling on the part of the government agencies forced Cliff Stoll to leave the sidelines of his life, take responsibility, and become "pro-activealmost rabidabout computer security (370). At the generator of his story, Cliff portrays himself as an academic dreamer (1), literally a start gaz er he seams to be fumbling though life without a cause to withdraw behind, and for that matter not really looking for one. Then when he starts chasing a hacker, thinking that he, might learn about phone traces and networks (35), he struck a blow to a tar-baby that would not let him go back to his life of indifference. The entanglement in pursuit of the hacker was elongated, significantly, by the fact that the government did not have contingencies in place to respond to computer crime, coupled with the simple fact that without a quantitative dollar value they did not take losings seriously.

A Fourteenth Century Castle :: Free Essay Writer

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTIONTowering high above the landscape, European castlings still look commanding. Imagine how powerful a castle looked 600 years ago when it was brand new. A castle was built to impress. It was the home of a powerful warlord. From its safety he ruled the surrounding land. Castles structure began in the 10th Century. The first castles that were built replaced wooden forts. Castles evolved and became stronger as methods of warfare changed. In the next few paragraphs I will be talking ab stunned how warriors surrounded and attacked a castle, how the people in the castle prepared for war, how they defended themselves, and how they lived in peace.A castle was usu all toldy built on top of a drop-off so it would be harder for the opposition to reach it. It was also surrounded by a moat which was a water filled ditch. This ditch surrounded twain sides of the castle that were not protected by a cliff. The moat also provided food for the people living inside the castle. The castle was built out of brick and had a very thick wall. The thick walls were more than 8(ft) thick and the walls of castle towers were even thicker. There were also towers built on top of the castles. The towers enabled the defenders to see anyone approaching the castle, and to stop at them with bows or siege engines. The first point of attack was usually the main entrance. A gate house protected the way into the castle. Anybody who tried to take on into the building was either caught by the guards or was killed by the traps that were set up in the castle. In the castle there were several walls that enclosed the court of laws. Each courtyard was called a bailey. During the war men women and children sheltered here. When there was no war these court yards were used for work shops.During the war The water supply was vital, especially when the castle was surrounded. Wells were dug into the rock below the castle, the water was used for bathing and drinking. The Lord lived at the heart of the castle which was called a keep. If the defenders broke into the castle all the remaining soldiers would go into the keep and fight to the death.Women and children took shelter in the castle while the fighting was going on. If food ran out in the castle, the defenders would throw out anybody who couldn&8217t fight.

Against the Flow :: Teenagers Teens Media Trends Essays

Against the Flow The stereotypical American teenage girl follows the entertainment industry as if it were her livelihood. She listens to pop, rap, and R&B. She goes shopping almost every weekend for the next midriff-baring fashion. Television is scheduled into her day as if the VCR had never been invented. She is on top of the trends, fasten with plastic in hand for anything the market will push her way. I am not your typical teenage girl. I like to see movies, provided often put everything else ahead of going to a movie theatre and must catch up by watching several movies from the video store. When pop describes a genre of music rather than a carbonated beverage, I often find that I will know the words to an entire mental strain without ever learning its title or artist. And there are certainly no skimpy clothes in my closet or drawers. I whole step as though I am looking from the outside in on the teenage world. Despite my being in this age group, I be possessed of never real ly been caught up in the group that has the most disposable income in the United States. I constantly observe a cycle of inclination and consumption with nothing standing between teenagers and the latest fad. But how did this cycle start? How will it ever end? More importantly, is it even healthy? The trends inwardly the teenage market do not begin with the teens themselves. Rather, we are targeted as the group with disposable income, and a LOT of it. Most teenagers with summer jobs use the bullion to buy more stuff a car, an iPod, or a new outfit for the coming school year. This attitude towards currency breeds irresponsibility. We are taught to spend, not to save. If we essential something, we should buy it on impulse. Where are the parents in this cycle? They hand over the cash in the form of allowances, credit cards, and love me gifts. Among my friends, many kids who grew up in broken homes or double-income households receive money as gifts when the parents cant spend time with their kids. In essence, they were saying, I dont have time for you, so here is some money go buy something you want. Or so I have been told by teenagers in this situation. All this money being shoved at teenagers with no bills to pay leaves them with a wad of cash just begging to be spent.

Against the Flow :: Teenagers Teens Media Trends Essays

Against the Flow The stereotypical American teenage girl follows the entertainment industry as if it were her livelihood. She listens to pop, rap, and R&B. She goes obtain almost every weekend for the next midriff-baring fashion. Television is scheduled into her day as if the VCR had never been invented. She is on top of the trends, ready with plastic in hand for anything the market will push her way. I am not your typical teenage girl. I like to see movies, but often redact everything else ahead of going to a movie theatre and must catch up by watching several movies from the video store. When pop describes a music genre of music rather than a carbonated beverage, I often find that I will know the words to an entire song without ever accomplishment its title or artist. And there are certainly no skimpy clothes in my closet or drawers. I feel as though I am looking from the outside in on the teenage world. Despite my being in this age group, I have never actually been caught up in the group that has the most disposable income in the United States. I constantly observe a cycle of desire and consumption with secret code standing between teenagers and the latest fad. But how did this cycle start? How will it ever end? More importantly, is it even healthy? The trends within the teenage market do not begin with the teens themselves. Rather, we are targeted as the group with disposable income, and a LOT of it. Most teenagers with summer jobs use the money to debase more than stuff a car, an iPod, or a new outfit for the coming school year. This attitude towards money breeds irresponsibility. We are taught to spend, not to save. If we want something, we should buy it on impulse. Where are the parents in this cycle? They hand over the cash in the form of allowances, credit cards, and love me gifts. Among my friends, many kids who grew up in broken homes or double-income households receive money as gifts when the parents cant spend time with their kids. In essen ce, they were saying, I dont have time for you, so here is some money go buy something you want. Or so I have been told by teenagers in this situation. All this money being shoved at teenagers with no bills to pay leaves them with a wad of cash just begging to be spent.

For which characters in Of Mice And Men do you feel sympathy the most? Essay

Refer closely to the novel in your answer.I felt some sympathy for Curleys wife as she was the loneliest of them all. She had a hubby who didnt love or respect her as he went to brothels. As well as Curleys wife I pitied Slim. He has a lap of responsibility and calms every amour down in a tense situation. He was the only person who knew that George shot Lennie after the death of Curleys wife, which shows the amount of responsibility that is on his shoulders. I baffle some for Crooks as he is at a disadvantage as he is black so will have a agglomerate of prejudice towards him. He is not allowed in the bunkhouse and so he would be very lonely. He as well as has the disability of having a crooked back.In the end I felt pity for Candy as the prospect of owning a farm is shattered. He could have lived the rest of his years in copulation comfort. Steinbeck uses effective pathos after the death of Curleys wife. His eyes blinded with tears and he turned andWent weakly out of the barnNo w that he knows the dream is over he has nothing to explore ahead to which is saddening. Because of his age he wint be able to conquer a job. You also pity him because of his disability, which wont help him find a job.I wont have no place to go, an Icant get no more jobs.Also when Carlson shot his dog to put it out of his misery I felt some sympathy. He had the dog for along duration and had grown attached to it. Without his dog he would be lonely .This theme of loneliness runs throughtout the book. He then shows regret that someone other than himself shot his dog. I shouldnt ought to have allow no stranger shoot my dog.I have sympathy for Lennie as when he had killed Curleys wife he had destroy the dream for everyone. He would have felt bad virtually this and the fact that he wouldnt be able to tend the rabbits which was one of his fears. The other world Ggeorge leaving him, which would mean that he would be lonely. His fear runs loose as he listens to a talking rabbitIf yo uthink George, gonna let you tend the rabbit, your nonethelesscraziern usual.Lennie endlessly has George telling him what to do because he keeps on doing stupid things. In a way Lennie should be pleased about someone keeping a lookout for him but because Lennie is so slow he is upset by it and sometimes Lennie loses his temper.I felt sorry for him closely when Curley started a fight with.Lennies hands remained at his side hewas too frightened to defend himself.This is because people usually feel sorry for things that atomic number 18 defenceless. But make up after Curley had repeatedly punched him Lennie still shows remorse for breaking his hand, which shows he is a nice fella . A guy who you wouldnt involve something equivalent this to happen to. I didnt wanta hurt him.The reason I hold outt feel sorry for Lennie is because he has a companion desire George to look after him and because he is so stupid he doesnt realise what how poor his lifestyle is.But he was too dumb ev en to know he had ajoke played on himI feel sympathy for George as he is lumbered with Lennie. Lennie for gods sake dont drink so much. Its as if George is looking after Lennie like they have a parent/child relationship. A similar thing occurs when George threw away the dead mouse Lennie kept in his pocketI feel pity for George as he has a lot of pent up aggression as he uses phrases like son of a bitch and crazy bastard. This is probably caused by the situation he is in. He has no security and his only companion is Lennie who is endlessly getting into trouble. I feel empathy for George, as he is so lonely. This is the same with all the other characters.Guys like us that work on ranches arethe loneliest guys in the world.The only way George can escape this position is through his and Lenniess dream, of owning a farm. George and Lennie aint got nothing to look ahead to but the dream sets them a goal. Then George has to do a horrible thing by killing his only friend. He didnt even se em to think about other alternatives but he saved Lennie from being tortured. Steinbeck builds this up from when Candys dog was shot to save it from the annoying of living up until George saving Lennie from the pain of being torturedThe reason I dont feel sorry for George is that he has a companion like Lennie. Someone he can trust. If Lennie was in the same position he wouldnt survive like George, as he doesnt have the brain. So George can be thankful that it wasnt vice versa.Lennie who had been watchingimitated George exactlyThis shows that Lennie adores George and is a kind of role model. It also shows that Lennie likes him so he wont double cross him. He is too stupid to do that anyway.I have little empathy to with Curley, as he is lonelier than ever without his wife. He is always getting into fights, which could mean that he is looking for attention. I have sympathy for is the Boss, as he owns the place. He is most probably rich and has a lot of luxuries compared to the worker s .I do have some empathy towards the boss .He also has a lot of responsibility as he has to run the ranch and has a son like Curley who is always causing trouble.Through this book Steinbeck tried to portray what the poor people felt at the time. It shows us that the American dream doesnt always come true and that the battle between the good guy and the bad guy doesnt always go in the good guys favour.

Xyz Affair

From March of 1797 to 1800, a diplomatic scandal occurred where Americans were outraged by demands from the French for a bribe as a condition for negotiating with American diplomats that became known as the XYZ Affair. John Adams took presidency in 1797 and inherited several problems from George Washingtons administration, including hostilities between the United States and France that began to escalate in the 1790s. The signing of Jays Treaty, which violated of the Treaty of Paris yet averted the threat of contend with England, induced angry reactions from both American and atomic number 63an politicians.Democratic-Republicans believed the treaty was a humiliating surrender to the British. French leaders, meanwhile, viewed it as a union with their enemy, and the violation of the Franco-American Treaty of 1778. In response to the John Jays agreement, the French used forces to plunder more than 300 American ships. To stop the attacks on American shipping and settle on an agreement wi th France, Adams appointed trio commissioners Charles Pinckney, United States minister to France John Marshall, a Virginia lawyer and Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts.Upon arriving in Paris in October 1797, the three men experienced a hostile environment. They requested a meeting with the French government. The envoys met three secret agents to relay Talleyrands terms of negotiations. The three agents were labeled as X, Y and Z, but later revealed as top executive Jean-Conrad Hottinguer, Pierre Bellamy, and Lucien Hauteval respectfully. The agents insisted that before any negotiate could begin, they demanded 50,000 pounds of sterling, a $12 million loan from America, a $250,000 personal bribe to the French minister, and a formal plea to the French minister for a comment made by President John Adams.Though bribery was extremely common in the eighteenth-century politics, Talleyrands demands were too high for but a pledge to negotiate. Pinckney rejected the terms and told the French agents no, no, not a sixpence. The incident became known as The XYZ Affair. Once the commissioners report to Congress became public, citizens were furious roughly the French behavior. Even the most loyal Democratic-Republicans, who supported a strong relationship with France, felt a sense of betrayal and many joined a call for war.Pinckneys response to the demands sparked a rallying that spread throughout the colonies Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute. Federalist politicians were eager for a fight and the war campaign gained more support. Adams refused to declare war but advocated the build-up of American armed forces and raised taxes. Adams too accepted new laws that tried to limit protests against the government and its actions. These laws were the extraneous and Sedition Acts.They made it difficult for immigrants to become a United States citizen and people from certain countries, such as France, could not become a citizen at all. The laws also restricted free speech and freedom of the press. Many citizens saw the Alien and Sedition Acts as harsh and undemocratic laws. Congress stopped commercial share with France, renounced the attachment of 1778, tripled the size of the army, and created a Navy Department with an order for the contraction of 40 warships.By the fall of 1798, American ships were waging an undeclared war against the French in the Caribbean waters, a conflict that is known as the Quasi-War. The French seized over 300 American ships. The United States retaliated by capturing 22 French ships off the American coast and in the West Indies. Hamilton led the Federalist charge for war, but Adams remained steadfast in his refusal to sign a formal declaration of war. He believed that war with France would divide the colonies and lead to a civil war.This could be Adams finest hour because his of his decision to put the interests of his nation ahead of those of his party. 5 In 1799, Tallyrand, who did not want to deplete the Fr ench military with a fight outside of Europe, let it be known that he was willing to talk. Adams sent another delegation to negotiate a peaceful end to the quasi-war with France. but by the time the envoy arrived in Paris, Napolean Bonaparte was in power and looking to cut ties with America.The two sides finally produced an agreement called The Convention of 1800, that annulled the 1778 treaty of alliance and excused the French from damage claims of American shippers. Had Adams chosen war, it may have jeopardized the American purchase of Louisiana in 1803. The threat of war with France was eliminated. President Adams showed Europe that the new American nation was ready to defend itself and would not be bullied anymore. The naval program Adams helped to stimulate would also help the United States defeat the Barbay pirates in the First and Second Barbay war as well as aiding in the War of 1812.

American Civil War Essay

Introduction In our communities today, Afri ordure Ameri apprizes carry bringd foregoing from the theory of ensuring all be able and enlightened to take cargon of self. What happened along the way? African American break bingles backs were free of mind but bodies were enslaved. this instant that our bodies argon free but it seems our minds are enslaved. Mary McLeod Bethune, natural to former slaves in 1875, is known for her contributions in murky communities. Bethune committed her life to educating African American on the right to freedom and education.She believed through education African Americans could determine their own destiny in an racially equal society. The strength and power she exhibited in the African American community ensured no one would be left behind with step to the fore a chance in life. Civil right leaders addicted their lives for equality. A count of issues which plague African Americans have their roots dating back to bondage and the post-Civil War reconstruction Era and are worthy more than noniceable in our communities today. There is significant poverty and crime out-of-pocket to lack of education.Families are being destroyed because we have been oppressed by the Jim vaporing laws . In many of the southern recounts during thralldom and after the Civil War, slaves was discouraged by their former masters from becoming educated. Mainly because education was opposite with the basis of slavery and would eventually lead to failure . From the perspective of the slave masters, if African Americans were given access to education, they could possibly start thinking and acting on their own, and an ascent was foreseeable.Advocates of slavery in the state of free state would be required to accept the reality that slaves or freedmen were in fact not incapable or substandard in absorbing education. The slaves desired the exact same freedoms as whites but, the whites were un allowing to accept the facts . In some states much (prenominal) as Georgia, Louisiana, atomic number 101, for example, ignominiouss were able to educate themselves. If whites were caught breeding African Americans how to read and write, they were subject to fines and possibly imprisoned. If slaves were caught, the punishment was far more harsh. Annotated Bibliography.Primary Sources Feagin, Joe R. and Sikes, Melvin P. Living with Racism The Black Middle-Class Experience, Acon Press, 1994 The book provides a thorough examination of common stereotyping of prejudice and discrimination. The author describes in detail the minor acts in which African American are subjected. The book includes a number of social issues such as bitterness and despair in the souls of African Americans. Branch, Taylor Parting the Waters America in the King Years 1954-63, Touchstone Book, 1989 The author provides a thorough examination of America during the time of Dr.Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Civil Rights Era. The book reveals a portrait of Dr. Kin g as he was haunted by gloweringmail, factionalism, and hatred. The book discusses the nonviolent movement as a dramatic force in history. The book provides relevant information relating to my research on racial issues deep down the African American community. atomic number 74, Cornel Race Matters, Vintage 1994 Cornel Wests book provides a thorough examination of new Black conservatism and the strained relations in the Black community.The author addresses a range of issues from the crisis in Black leadership and myths surrounding affirmative action. The book includes a love life grounded in the tradition of the African American church. Ward, Jerry W, Jr, and Graham, Maryemma The Cambridge History of African American Literature Cambridge University Press 2011 The book provides you with four hundred age of sick report and comprehensive overview of the literary traditions, oral and print, of African-descended peoples in the United States.The contributors, drawn from the Unite d States and beyond, emphasize the dual nature of each text discussed as a put to work of art created by an individual and as a response to unfolding events in American cultural, political, and social history. Washington, booker T 1856-1915 Up from slaveholding, Doubleday, c1901 Booker T. Washingtons book provides a thorough examination of the events in a remarkable life that began in bondage. The author discusses the relevant issues that impacted the Black community. Mr.Washington demonstrates in his book how he came up from slavery and educated the Black community. Internet http//mh. sandglass. com/history-african-american-education-montgomery-county-0 Title History of African-American Education in capital of Alabama County Description For nearly a century, schools for black students in Montgomery County (and indeed most of the country) were denied the benefits provided to their entirely separate, but supposedly equal, white counterparts. http//www. loc. gov/search/? q=educatio n+in+maryland+1865 Title By the House of Delegates, February 14, 1865.Description Report of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction to the General Assembly of Maryland, together with a send entitled A Uniform System of Public Instruction for the State of Maryland. Emancipation Proclamation/ End of the Civil War President Lincoln, on January 1, 1863, sign-language(a) the Emancipation Proclamation. The Proclamation, DID NOT immediately abolish slavery it alone applied to areas outside Union Control. However, it made emancipation an irrevocable war aim, pro appointly ever-changing the character of the Civil War. The lives of African American slaves changed forever.The end of the Civil War and the abolition of slavery raised complicated issues and dilemmas for African American and white Americans. In 1865, the Civil War ended and slaves were now free. Many slaves waited the day of being free. Nearly 4 million slaves were freed. For many of the slaves, the future was uncertain . However, for the slaves, it meant families would remain together, and their women would no eternal be subject to rape and used as bed warmers. The newly freed slaves were given opportunities to develop their own communities. Many of the slaves were quick to inform the white slave master they were free.Freed slaves were spiritd with poverty, homelessness and a severe lack of education. Reconstruction In 1865 Congress created the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, to assist with the transition of freedmen for newly freed slaves. The bureau was given capacious responsibilities in helping freedmen by providing property, education, and how to negotiate on labor contracts with white planters. Also the Bureau aid in settling criminal disputes involving blacks and whites. Newly freed slaves did not trust the Bureau slavery remain present in the freedmen minds.The former slaves suffered a tremendous amount of injustices at the hands of whites. The bureau was not intentional to be a permanen t institution but the goal was to encourage the newly freed slave to become self-reliant as soon as possible. The freedmans Bureau was put in place for one year. Many white Southerners desire was to eliminate former slaves new found freedom. The renowned African American scholar and activist W. E. B Du Bois assisted in the path of reconstruction. W. E. B. DuBois begins his social analysis of the black conditions in Philadelphia.Published in 1899, The Philadelphia He was also considered the most powerful black educator of the 19th and 20th centuries in so far as he controlled the flow of bills to black schools and colleges. Up from slavery, born a slave on a small farm in the Virginia backcountry, he worked in the salt furnaces and coal mines of West Virginia as a child. e He was determined to get an education he would travel hundreds of miles under great stress until he arrived At Hampton Institute. The fifteenth Amendment is passed permitting black men the right to vote. Joseph H .Rainey of South Carolina is the first black to be seated in the House. In all, twenty-two blacks are elected to Congress during Reconstruction . There were seven lawyers, three ministers, one banker, one publisher, two school teachers, and three college presidents. Hampton Normal Agricultural Institute is founded by Samuel Chapman Armstrong and chartered as one of the first colleges for blacks. It is also a pioneer in educating American Indians. Booker T. Washington is among its early graduates. Pennsylvania, the home of the oldest and greatst northern free black community.Dr. Carter G. Woodsons infixed brilliance and capacity for critical thought allowed him to envision the impossible as possible. He was one of the first African American to receive a doctors degree in the United States, and the second to be awarded a doctorate in history from Harvard University he almost single-handedly pulled African American history from the margins of obscurity. Dr. Woodson was peculiarly co ncerned with social and economic history waying his lens on the fundamental virtue of African Americans, both as individuals and as an ethnic group. build on traditions informed by the scholarship of black historians such as William Bell Brown and George Washington Williams, he inspired an entire generation of African American cultural historians including noted Pan-Africans Rayford W. Logan, and political and social activist Luther Porter Jackson, among others. His extensive body of work and astute analysis of Negro history and its African origins prompted the intellectual life represented in the Harlem Renaissance, ushered in the era of black studies and also influenced the civil rights, black power and black arts movements.Sixty years after his death on April 3, 1950, his legacy as the Father of Black History still lives on. Education Two of the worlds greatest blacks leaders within the African American community. W. E. B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington had very distinctive vi ews on education in the African American community. They both disagreed on strategies that largely shineed the future of African Americans social and economic development. The philosophies of Du Bois and Washington on how to overcome racial injustice. Booker T.Washington was an educator and prestigious black leader. Washington spoke from philosophy point of view on self-help, racial and accommodations. He suggested that African Americans should accept racial discrimination for now. But, instead focus on elevating via hard work. Washington believed in education he urged blacks to accept discrimination for the time being and concentrate on elevating themselves through hard work, breeding and material prosperity. He believed the former African Americans slaves should focus their time in learning skills in farming and industrial.It would gain the respects of whites and that would lead in to becoming accepted as American citizens. W. E. B. Du Bois, is considered a scholar and politica l thinker. He was against Washingtons strategy to accept racial discrimination that would serve only to preserve white oppression. Du Bois was an advocate for political action and for the civil rights of former African American Slaves. He helped found the NAACP. He believed that social change can be accomplished by developing the small group of educated blacks he called the Talented Tenth. Du Bois has a more realist view in reference to education. lack of education puts you at disadvantage in competing with whites for higher paying jobs. Ignoring racial discrimination will cause the people to become oppress. If you educated the people they can become more self-reliant from economic prospective. Education in Maryland In Maryland 1865 one high school per county, the law was passed to opened the adit for African-American children to receive a free education. There were some guides that first must(prenominal) be followed taxes collected from African American in the state of Maryland w ere sufficient to cover the expenses of building schools.The Emancipation Proclamation stated that African Americans were freed in 1863, segregation became the standard. African American teachers were not allowed teach in the state of Maryland without a three year certificate that was issued by the state superintendent, or by the president of the county board. The requirements for Maryland teachers in the 1860s-Caucasian or African-American-were the same. The teachers in Maryland were required to be single to attend to the students from 9 -4 p. m. , Maryland counties were under no obligation to educated or supply public intuition for African American students.Many of the African American students were taught in very small quarters at home the teachings were informal. However a state law was passed in 1872 to create separate education of white and black students. The school board in Montgomery County refused to maintain the construction and maintenance of black schools. The county pr omised new schools will be built. MC refused to repairs previous burned and damaged schools from riots and cross burnings, Discard books were given to the black schools they never received new books. Most of the time the books were out dated and discarded by whites.The African American teaches salaries were withheld and classes halted with no formal notice. The African American school year was shorter compared to the whites schools. However, African American teachers were more qualified than their white peers. The pay of African American teacher was much lower. In spite of the white schools, and although many African American teachers were break off qualified than their white peers, their official wage scale was much lower. Nevertheless, teachers and parents were devoted to providing the finest education they could, despite these adverse circumstances.In spite of such laws, in African American established a colored school for students and employed black teachers. In a few cases, sl ave masters taught their slaves or the children of slave masters. However, for the large majority of enslaved African Americans, there were really no formal recognized educational institutions. Therefore, African Americans depended on private instruction to educate themselves. Bowie State University is the oldest historically African American University. It was founded in 1865, in Baltimore, Maryland.It was considered an African American institution of higher education in the State of Maryland for people of color principally for teachers. Some of the classes were held in Baptist churches. The freedmens Bureau the school relocated to a building purchased from the Society of Friends at Courtland and Saratoga Streets. The institution re manoeuverd solely as a normal school to train black teachers in 1893. Conclusion Globalization is the process in which the black community in the United States must continue to grow in becoming connected and intergraded into the modern world, by buildi ng businesses and generating economic growth.The black community should become more engaged in the cultural and political education of the community and respond together and address any global problems that could possibly affect the growth of the community. The problems which plaque African Americans during slavery are becoming more noticeable in our communities today. There is significant poverty among African Americans and crime due to lack of education. Families are being destroyed because we have been oppressed. Booker T. Washington was considered the most powerful black educator of the 19th and 20th centuries, he forward large some of his funds black schools and colleges.He was determined to educate himself. A segment of the African American people has moved away from the theory of ensuring all are able and educated to take care of self. During slavery the minds of the African American minds were free and bodies enslaved. Now that our bodies are free but our minds are enslaved. The global and social issues are affecting many parts of the African Americans community across the country. Some of the problems are so complex, that most people steer clear of addressing global and social issues.A group of people who were dehumanized and strip of their original identity are in search of equality that will better prepare children of the future. Mary McLeod Bethune, born to former slaves in1875 after the Civil war, is known for her contributions in the black communities. In the 21st century around the world constant debates are taking place concerning the impact of globalization in education in the African American community. Economy and education its amazing that the African American community is roughly defined or mildly represented in education.The actually perspective in developing a larger spectrum, cross disciplinary, and cross-boundaries go up would be necessary to examine educational challenges. The collective behavior of the educational system has influe nce mass behavior of educational system in the black community. Social issues in the black community may cause declined moving to the next century due to the lack of education. The can and will have a global affect across all minority culture. Black children are being placed in special education.As the country move forward in modern technology and higher education the large number of children of color will be left behind. Some of the children that are placed in the venues called class rooms were they are only taught the basic. They not are being prepared for the future. Its appalling the social, health, economic and criminal justice are markers that predicts downwardly sparrow in future proportions in the near future for our community. The collective behavior of the African American communities is not reaching out to address these impend issues.Without positive changes, practical well thought out plans the mobilization the segment of the African American community will not be able to move forward in the new global information or advanced technological skills. Education must become a priority. We must develop a social culture of literacy and education. The Black community must encourage the children to want to learn and move to higher level of education. The parents must be engaged in the educational process. The affects of slavery completely disrupted the notion of the black family because family members could be sold away from one another at any time.Mothers could be separate away from their infants husbands could be sold away from their families without notice. slavery made African Americans into work animals, or beasts of burden, who were expected to work from sun up to sundown without stopping, and who were sometimes actually bred like cattle or horses to make better, stronger slaves. Slavery also made black men, women and children extremely helpless to brutal violence, the means of which we cannot even presuppose today rape, murder, torture, lynching s, tar and feathering, whipping, etc.Slavery also caused severe emotional and psychological trauma, which resulted in oftentimes in self-hatred because blacks were taught that everything black was grownup and everything white was good because the lack of education and dehumanized put the African American community at disadvantaged. Some blacks learned to hate the color of their skin, their strong-arm features, and the texture of their hair because they were told over and over that they were ugly because they werent European. Slavery has a negative effect on the Black community in America. When slavery was abolish some slaves was taken back to varies parts of Africa.The slaves that remained in America life was an uphill constant battle fighting for equal opportunities as whites. Slavery kept blacks from being educated in large numbers because it was illegal for slaves to learn to read and write. Slave-owners were afraid that educated slaves would find a way to organize themselves an d begin a revolution that would end. The 21 century has created an environment that suppresses many healthy discussions in order to remain politically correct. However, as African Americans, we have a strong heritage of lively debate and facing the hard issues to ensure the welfare of our citizens.Many Blacks feels oppressed and angry. Not surprisingly, most discussions today are taking place within the Black community, although electing our first Black President has broadened the commentary on the issue. Does slavery continue to affect our community today? Slavery ended in 1865, followed by reconstruction, which ended in 1877. Freed slaves, who had spent their lives being told what to do and were conditioned to react rather than initiate thought, were left to their own devices to face freedom The effect of slavery continues to exert its brutal influence in the untold sufferings of millions of everyday people.In conclusion Globalization has positive and negative affect on the Africa n American community positive affect moving from slavery to equality and negative many are left behind due to not forming to globalization. In 1865 School Superintend of Maryland wrote excluding African Americans students. 1st. Education ought to be Universal. 2nd. Education ought to be Free, and therefore, 3rd. The property of the whole State is responsible For such education of every child in the State as will prepare him to perform the duties of a man and a citizen, in obedience to the laws of graven image and the laws of the Commonwealth.In the first Article of the Declaration of Rights, the people of Maryland say, That we hold it to be self- evident that all men are created equally free that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, among which are life, liberty, the enjoyment of the proceeds of their own labor and the pursuit of happiness. If this be our Faith, then our works ought to be mani- fest. Our children must be carefully taught without any distinction of person, the principles by which life may be preserved and made productive of good to its possessors and those whom they may influence.

Nursing Leadership and management Essay

Continuous quality improvement (CQI) is the responsibility of all nurses and is vital when addressing the challenges of the wellness care industry. Provide an example of how you would apply CQI in your current or past position. The purpose of QI is to use a systematic, data-guided approach to improve processes or outcomes (Conner, 2014). Principles and strategies involved in QI have evolved from organizational philosophies of total quality management and continuous quality improvement.Connor (2014) emphasizes that while the concept of quality posterior be subjective, QI in healthcare typically focuses on improving patient outcomes. So the key is to clearly define the outcome that needs to be improved, list how the outcome will be measured, and develop a plan for implementing an intervention and collecting data before and after the intervention. Connor (2014) points out QI methods as follows unlike QI methods are available. A common format uses the acronym FOCUS-PDSAFind a process t o improve.Organize an effort to work on improvement.Clarify current acquaintance of the process.Understand process variation and performance capability. Select changes aimed at performance improvement. Plan the change analyze current data and predict the results. Do it work out the plan.Study (analyze) the new data and check the results.Act take action to sustain the gains.Unlike research and EBP, QI typically doesnt require all-inclusive literature reviews and rigorous critical appraisal. Therefore, nurses may be much more involved in QI projects than EBP or research. Also, QI projects normally are identify specific and results arent intended to provide generalizable knowledge or best evidence states Conner (2014). Examples of QI projects include implementing a process to remove urinary catheters inside a certain time frame, developing a process to improve wound-care documentation, and improving the process for patient education for a specific chronic disease. The sanctuary I have been at has been working on decreasing central line associated bloodstream infection and peripheral line blood stream infections. numerous risk factors for CLABSI associated with needleless connectors have been proposed. Some are attributed to pitiable hand washing before manipulation, inability to properly disinfect the connection site dueto poor design, aseptic device management, and frequency of the connector exchange.In addition, several studies looking at intraluminal contamination from the needleless connector have demonstrated that high levels of contamination can be seen colonizing the connector and subsequently moving into the CVC (Ramirez, Lee, & Welch, 2014). Even with varying levels of disinfection, colonization can still occur. Studies of current I.V. practices demonstrated that 56% of Registered Nurses typically do non believe it is necessary to disinfect catheter hubs and 90% of nurses do not cover an intermittent infusion (Ramirez, Lee, & Welch, 2014). The 70% isopropyl alcohol cap known as Curos is used as an attempt to reduce intraluminal contamination. The cap requires ongoing training and encouragement to change practice. Studies indicate that consistent use of the caps does influence CLABSI rates substantially in cost of morbidity and the financial resources that are expended because of CLABSIs.ReferencesConner, B. T. (2014). Differentiating research, evidence-based practice, and quality improvement. American Nurse Today, 9(6), 26-31. Ramirez, C., Lee, A. M., & Welch, K. (2012). Central Venous Catheter Protective Connector Caps Reduce Intraluminal Catheter-Related Infection. Journal Of The Association For Vascular Access, 17(4), 210-213. inside10.1016/j.java.2012.10.002

A scholar

The definition of what scholar actually means Is a specialist In a particular branch of study, especially the humanistic discipline a distinguished academic. A scholar Is a person who is highly educated or has an aptitude for study. To me my infant Is a scholar she Is a person who achieved what she had to do In life. My sister was the first to go on to college In the family had a quartette point six all through high school, was a basketball manager, played volleyball, and ran track. During her time In high school In college I tried and true to follow In her footsteps.My sister Is an minded Intellectual who doesnt perplex off things and does what she supposed to do. My sister Is very dedicated to learning and continuous to teach me today. My sister went to Miami university in oxford Ohio. She took her meager in sociology and minor in managing and dancing. When she was in college she continuously pushed her self all through college. My sister was not a procrastinator in college. The definition of a procrastinator is the action of delaying or postponing something. This is something my sister didnt do during her time of learning.Right now she out of college and is attending grad school to continue learning. Every year somebody throws a big New Years companionship and you can bring whomever you want. I never bring anybody only because my family is crazy once they start drinking. Before they start drinking though my family and I annihilate at home while everyone else eats at the party. Sometimes before we go my mom fixes a Behindhand meal and it is the best. To me it is even better than the restaurant. She fixes it sinless Just the way I like with fried, rice, zucchini, shrimp, and she add the special type that Just makes taste even better.Then we go to cousins house were the party is. This is where all the inebriant is at and where the most fun is. When walk around you see every one with big champagne glass and you see the guys with Just the champagne bot tles they dont attending about a cup or glass. Most of the teenagers have red cups and they get wine and sometimes champagne. The kids get small white plastic cups commonly filled with apple Juice or grapevine juice. I usually dont even care for the wine and champagne. I Just want some frothy cider I could drink that every day. Then we gather everybody all around We all go home fall asleep.New Years will always be my favorite holiday. There Is no other holiday I would trade for this one. Who would not want to see drunken people. A scholar By Edward What is a scholar? The definition of what scholar actually means is a specialist in a scholar is a person who is highly educated or has an aptitude for study. To me my sister is a scholar she is a person who achieved what she had to do in life. My sister was the first to go on to college in the family had a four point six all through high school, was a basketball manager, played volleyball, and ran track.During her time in gig school in college I tried to follow in her footsteps. My sister is an minded intellectual who doesnt put off things and does what she supposed to do. My sister is Miami University in oxford Ohio. She took her meager in sociology and minor in my sister didnt do during her time of learning. Right now she out of college and is The kids get small white plastic cups usually filled with apple Juice or grape Juice. I usually dont even care for the wine and champagne. I Just want some sparkling home fall asleep. New Years will always be my favorite holiday. There is no other

Compare the ways in which language is used for effect in the two texts. Give some examples and analyse the effects Essay

The two sources that I am passing game to compare are Source 3 and Source 2. Source 2 is an article aimed for anyone who is interested in swimming or even concourse who like to larn most incredible accomplishments do by other people. The text is formal and is about Philippe Croizon who in 2 years learnt to swim without his limbs. He lost of all of his limbs in 1994 while he was removing a television celestial from a roof and it hit a power line. However source 3 is a book perpetrate aimed at adults who like reading about geography in general.The text is formal and is about Christopher Ondaatje who crosses part of Lake Victoria. On his journey there he talks about the spectacular sunrise he sees behind Mwanza. He also talks about the experience with ferry rides and the past experience about one of those ferries going have just outside Mwanza and that people were killed. In comparison with source 3, source 2 is a happier and also to a greater extent exciting and the reader feel s more drawn to the fact that after 16 years after losing all of his limbs, Philippe Croizon crosses Channel than the fact that in source 3 the story is taken more calmly and less exciting to be taking a ferry across the lake.Furthermore, in source 2 the contrast between the fact that the creation, 2 years ago could barely swim at all and him saying after the channel swim I did it. Im so ingenious is evocative. Moreover, this shows that despite the fact that he lost all of his limbs, he could still do something incredible which occurs at the beginning of the article, engaging the reader and setting a tone of excitement and most of all pride. However in source 3, there are only a few evocative moments in the extract the fish eagles screeched their mocking cry, spectacular sunrise. However none of which express excitement or pride.The difference in language utilize for meat is that in source 3, short sentences are employed to enhance meaning and effect an idyllic spot, no other sounds, spectacular sunrise, the alliteration of the s add an emphasis to the experience of them looking at the sunrise and the reader is able to emphasise with them. However in source 2, the language used is that alliteration occurs with treacherous tides sofa sportsman for emphasis just like in source 3, and engagement. Moreover, the similarities between these 2 sources is that they both have an element of bid in the texts. In source 3, we are left with not knowing if they make it across the lake in the ferry because a year earlier, one of these ferries went down just outside Mwanza, and people were killed this makes the reader shocked and eager to carry on reading.However in source 2, the element of drama is when the text explains how the man lost all of his limbs, Mr Croizons legs and lower arms were amputated after he suffered a calamitous electric shock while removing a television aerial from a roof in 1994 when it hit a power line. This leaves the reader with the unanswered question of how did he manage to do it, which leads into wanting to read the rest of the text. The language used in both texts is formal. The reader is able to read with ease as the texts are informative. In source 2 an average channel swimmer takes around eight hours, 21 miles from Folkestone to the French coast. In source 3 Mwanza, a vibrant African city, the people pressed up against the front of the ferry, along the sides and against the rails

Student Rights Case Analysis Paper

As Americans we have certain expectations to what our rights are, in point we have a bill of rights to ensure the rights we deserve. In most cases we consider these rights undeniable scarce sometimes they are deniable when you are a student on campus. Sometimes the legal line is non quite clear on rights that are afforded to students rather the moral line is clear or not. In day to day adult life we expect law enforcement and lawyers to enforce our rights properly only when on school grounds staff members are expected to take the role of enforcer and judge.The quaternary Amendment protects Americans from irrational search and seizure, but students are not afforded the same right on most occasions. It has been established that prying backpacks and items of the like is permissible on school campus but Safford Unified School District 1 v. Redding delves into the to a greater extent complicated area of body searches. At the age of 13 Savana Redding was c completelyed into the stan ce of her school because she had been implicated in distribution of over the counter pain killers and prescription pain pills that were the strength of two Advil.The assistant trader and secretary went through Savanas book bag and pockets were searched. After no pills were plunge on Savanas outer layer of clothing the assistant principal then had the secretarytake Savana to the school nurses office to search her clothes for pills. After the secretary and the nurse, had Savana remove her outer clothing, they told her to shoot down her bra out and shake it, and to pull out the elastic on her underpants, thus exposing her breasts and pelvic area to some degree.No pills were plant. (Cornell University Law School, 2010) It is meaning(a) to also point out that Savanas parents were not notified until after the search and the assistant principal had not gotten details of when Savana had been distributing pill or where she kept these pills. Soon after Savana was pulled out of school an d the legal proceedings began. It was decided by the Ninth Circuit Court that Savana had indeed had her 4th Amendment right had been violated.The court found that the circumstances did not insure such an invasive search because the suspected facts pointing to Savana did not indicate that the drugs presented a danger to students or were concealed in her underwear, the assistant principal did not have sufficient suspicion to warrant extending the search to the point of making Savana pull out her underwear. the secretary and the nurse said that they did not see anything when Savana pulled out her underwear, but a strip search and its Fourth Amendment consequences are not defined by who was looking and how oft was seen. . Cornell University Law School, 2010) Savana had a clean disciplinary record and the assistant principal had not even found out when the supposed pills were in Savanas possession or how many were in her possession. The main riddle with this search was that, while th e measures may have been considered appropriate, at that place was no reasonable explanation for the extremes that the search went to because there was no proof a student would be hiding a non-dangerous contraband in her underwear. The 4th Amendment protects Americans from unreasonable search and seizure, but the school system only allows that protection sometimes.Schools are allowed to search backpacks but not strip search students. Some things seem obvious to outside eyes, like the fact that you shouldnt strip search 13 year old children, but when you are in charge of 100s of children sometimes certain things get distorted. The assistant principal in this case was trying to make an example of Savana by showing how strict the school was on their drug policy, but he went too far. Risking the emotional legal injury a child might face from something like a strip search is never outlay proving a point.Strip searching may be warranted in a situation like a student seeing another stud ent carrying a weapon in their under garments, but in a situation where there is no real danger to other students it is extreme. As adults we expect all of our rights to be given to us but unfortunately adults dont always feel the adopt to extend those rights to children. The judgment in this case could not have been fairer. Hopefully right infringements like this wont happen to others thanks to Savana stepping forward.ReferencesCornell University Law School.(2010).Legal Information Institute.Retrieved from http//www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/08-479.ZS.html

Experiment Essay

The primary focus of experiment 4 was to determine a school-age child the basic solubility rules of salts in aqueous closures. After developing and using a scheme for the qualitative analysis of three cations in an aqueous categorisation, a student would use a centrifuge to identify, fall, and separate the three ions in the mixture. After becoming familiar with all three cations, the student would use the scheme again to identify at least two of the cations in an unknown solution.In order to begin the separation process, HCl is corresponded to the mixture of cations to form the precipitouss and separate the chlorides of Ag+, Pb2+, and HG22+. It is important non to add too much HCl because an excess would form the soluble complexes of AgCl and PbCl2. After the HCl is added, it is centrifuged to form a solid precipitate that contains all three cations and separate them from the supernatant liquid. Finally, another drop of HCl is added to test for completeness of precipitation an d centrifuged again if the solution remains incomplete.To separate the lead (II) ion from the sample of solution, it must be separated from the insoluble Hg2Cl2 and AgCL salts by turn it in hot water. once it has been dissolved from the other two cations, it is centrifuged and the liquid is decanted into another test tube. Once in the other test tube, a drop of 6.0 M acetic acid and two drops of 1.0 M K2CrO4 is added to the saved liquid.If the lead (II) cation is symbolise, a yellow precipitate forms and ensures the presence of that cation. When testing my unknown solution, the lead (II) ion was not present in my solution. To further separate the cations, 1.0 mL of 6 M NH3 is added to the saved precipitate. After adding the ammonia, the mixture is centrifuged and the liquid is once again decanted into another test tube. If a gray or black precipitate forms, this proves the presence of Hg22+. The mercury (I) ion was present in my unknown.Finally, separating the silver ions from th e sample solution mixture is accomplished in the prior step when the mercury ion is centrifuged. In order to test for the presence of silver ions, 1 mL of 6M HNO3 is added to the solution from the prior step. The silver precipitates in this acidic solution. If a white precipitate appears, silver is present in the solution. The presence of a white precipitate in the solution proves that there were silver ions in my unknown. By following the scheme for the qualitative analysis, it was simple to separate and test for the presence of the target cations. It was vital to correctly label every one of the liquids to ensure the correct reactions. No other difficulties prevented success in the experiment, but performing the experiment several times would further reinforce the outcome of the experiment.

Just in Time Approach in Inventory Management

2 INTERNATIONAL crowd ON BUSINESS AND stinting seek (2 ICBER 2011) performance nd nd JUST IN TIME APPROACH IN broth MANAGEMENT Abdul Talib Bon (Corresponding author) Faculty of Technology Management, Business and Entrepreneurship Universiti Tun ibn Talal Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia Tel +60127665756 E-mail emailprotected com Anny Garai Faculty of Technology Management, Business and Entrepreneurship Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia Tel +60137016298 E-mail emailprotected com. y Abstract Quality improvement and addresss control ar vital to organizations for diddle performance enhancement and accomplishling customers requirement. Inventories that are stored in large amount of quantities will result in go down on and space usage. One effective solution is employ exactly in date (JIT) idea as a method to snip costs, improve tone of voice and meet the ever-changing customer needs. The adoption of on the button in clock (JIT) suppositions seems to be the most effective way to overcome these circumstances. JIT is focus philosophy that emphasizes on elimoating waste and profit growingivity.The main purpose of this research is to find out whether the implementation of JIT would knock down the inventories at Electronics element industry especially at the parts producing stamping of FCM. This research is done by case study. wherefore the data collection would be using secondary data which is the documentation from FCM itself and overly via observation. The data were analyse by doing the comparison before and after the implementation of JIT using Microsoft words excel. From the analysis that had been done, the implementation of JIT had increase the inventories way at the stamping parts product.As the conclusion, the implementation of JIT in the history management at the parts intersection stamping at Electronics component industry had successfully turn off the inventories level w hile improving the inventory level. Keywords Stamping occupation, Just in clip, inventory management, electronics component industry. 1. admittance Globalisation phenomena had created the business without boundaries. Most of the organisation nowadays only if focuses in two main elements that can influence the global market, which is customer satisfaction and in like manner the product and services quality.Organisation all around the world need to take the initiative to increase the product quality to satisfy the needs and customer deal that always change besides minimizing the payoff cost. This initiative is requisite to keep the challenge at the market (Canel, et al. , 2000). One of the most effective solutions is with the finish of Just in Time (JIT). Application of JIT could involve few important elements at organisation such as achievement level, marketing level, engineering level and purchasing level. The application of JIT more focuses on management process.Therefore , JIT can be applied at varying process. (Canel, et al. , 2000). JIT is the concept of management that invented specially to avoid waste. This is in order to asperse the waste and increase the productivity (Zhu and Meredith, 1995). JIT is one type of Lean Manufacturing (Yen, 2003). Lean manufacturing is the process to control the production which depends on the demand by the customers. It is also act to reduce waste. The application of Lean Manufacturing can reduce the stock, work space and the production of raw materials. This philosophy can maximize the production (Forza, 1996).At Malaysia context, application of JIT is non popular. According to Simpson, et al. , (1998), JIT had been applied by national automotive firm as a transitory JIT. cursory of JIT is one of the ad hoc inventory models. This is can give half of the inventory in order to reduce the production 2562 2 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC enquiry (2 ICBER 2011) PROCEEDING nd nd cost beside can ma ke the technology transfer at the international level. This research is do to study the application of Just in Time (JIT) in inventory management at stamping production at Electronics component industry. 1. Background of Study At FCM there is lot type of inventories and this requires a bulky space to restore it. Therefore FCM need to prepare an enough space. How ever, this situation requires FCM to overcome the cost of restore. exclusively this is non the really expectant issues to FCM. What really worries FCM management is the huge batch of inventories. The batch of inventories had caused FCM loss in profit because there is no moving out of the output to customer. Therefore the cases are also not only arises due to this problem. Besides that, in Japanese firm, the concept of keeping the inventory is a big waste in industry.Based on this problem, Heizer J. & Render B. (2006), Just in Time (JIT) is the best strategy to increase the operation especially at the inventory managemen t. However, if the raw material cannot be salveed during the production, there would be a big problem. 1. 2 Problem Statement This study is to elaborate the JIT application in inventory management at the stamping production at FCM. The problems that occur in this study are what is the importance of application of JIT in order to influence the inventory management at the stamping production at FCM? 1. Objective In this research, tec has the stand to achieve the objective so that it could be archived. The objective is to study the application of Just in Time (JIT) in inventory management at Stamping ware at Electronics component industry. 1. 4 range Of Study The scope of study is focused at the stamping production at Electronics component industry. The main products of FCM are keyboard and relays. Respondents that involved are top management and the staff at stamping production of FCM. Data would be serene through qualitative method and be analysed quantitatively.From this study, the researcher hopes that can booster Electronics component industry on the applications of JIT in their operation. The researcher hopes that with this study, it can help Electronics component industry and academician which is up to the upcoming researchers. 2. books Review JIT is not the new concept in production sector (Stevenson, 2001). It started during 1920 and being used by Henry Ford at the automation industrial. JIT is one of the Lean Manufacturing that had been introduced by Toyota Motor Corporation to increase the work quality and production.The application of JIT in Lean outturn will give good getting even in production process. These philosophies would make the production even faster and to reduce the inventories stock. 2. 1 Lean Production and Lean Manufacturing Lean Manufacturing first introduced as systematic ways to reduce or kibosh the waste. It is the management philosophy that require commitment from responsible person that relate with reduced waste, make th e work subprogram become smooth and optimize the production (Chase, et al. , 2001). Lean Manufacturing firstly introduced by the Toyota Motor Corporation.Which is involved the inventory management, quality control, industrial kind, 2563 2 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC RESEARCH (2 ICBER 2011) PROCEEDING nd nd employee management and relationship between factory and the suppliers (Bowen and Youngdahl, 1998). JIT is one of the elements in Lean Manufacturing retardation Lean Production is known as Big JIT. It is the philosophy of management operation that act to terminate the waste in every aspect in production such as industrial relationship, seller relationship, technology, raw material management and inventories (Chase, et al. 2001). Lean Production can use to reduce time, inventories, space, employees and production cost. 2. 2 Just In Time (JIT) Usually, JIT process being implemented in the organisation that reached the highest application of JIT. Wagner M. S and Silveira- Camargos V , 2009). This is because organisation and the supplier should have a good relationship and believe because when there is demand from factory, the suppliers can supply them on time. The first way to implement JIT is build a good relationship with the suppliers, customers and also sub-contractor to reduce inventory buffer to few hours.According to Canel, et al. , (2000), JIT aims is to reduce time wait during production process. Therefore, the cost of inventories not only can be minimized but also the time for the production also shortens. JIT concept is not saying about the billisation or the way of managing but it really centering on the zero inventories 2. 3 Benefits of Application of Just In Time in Lean Production The application of JIT would give a lot of benefits such as to the producer to increase the quality to fulfil the customer demands and reduce the inventories and built a good relationship with the supplier (Salaheldin, 2005).Positive of JIT a pplication can successfully give benefit to three communities, which is supplier only, purchased only or both. The benefits are, reducing in inventories and time waiting for the inventories, increase the quality and technical support, increase productivity, reduce waste and machine maintenance (Wafa, et al. , 1996). JIT actually help to reduce machine maintenance and at the same time, to make trustworthy the suppliers can produce the inventories on time (Yasin, et al. , 2001). According to Yasin, et al. 2002), the big problem of JIT application is employer issues and the suppliers. Employer issue is about the objection of JIT concept, less verificatory of JIT and less of employees. 3. Methodology This study is using action research that is descriptive and makes the research by quantitative. In this study, researcher would use observation and data collection from the result of the observation. 4. Data Analysis 4. 1 Introduction This chapter would discuss and analysis the data that had been collected from FCM.There are four different data that had been provided by the researcher concord to the case. For the first case, the researcher would get the standard time during the raw material collected from the bedevil and the re transport at the turn table using forklift. The second case is the machine die setup. retardation the third case is standard time for winding process. The time is counted during the winding process and the material place at the stand before and after the winding process. For the last case, is during packing and deliver the part to the warehouse.This chapter also would discuss about type of test and analysis to the case to make sure that the data is sound and researcher can get a clear vision about the elements of Just in Time (JIT) being implemented by the FCM. 2564 2 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC RESEARCH (2 ICBER 2011) PROCEEDING nd nd 4. 2 Results of Study In this study, researcher would discuss the results that re searcher gets from the study. all told the data that had been collected by the researcher would be divided according to the case and according to the guide chart of stamping production refer to variety 1.Figure 1 argues Standard Time (ST) and Cycle Time (CT) according to the cases that had been studied. ST = 10. 8 min CT = 10 times ST = 480 min ST = 5. 37 min ST = 17 min KES 1 KES 2 KES 3 KES 4 Raw Material Stamping Process Winding Packing warehouse Figure 1 Stamping Flow Chart 4. 2. 1 Analysis of Case 1 This section would show the data collected from case 1 for the application before and after the part production stamping. In this case 1 (refer Figure 2) the standard time would be the counting from the raw materials from the racks to the turntable using forklift and then the return back of the forklift to the place.Refer from Figure 3 as shown the graphs for before and after the applications of JIT for case 1. ST/CT Raw Material Stamping Process Figure 2 Case 1 2565 2 INTERNATI ONAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC RESEARCH (2 ICBER 2011) PROCEEDING nd nd Figure 3 represent in the beginning and After Application of JIT (Case 1) 4. 2. 2 Analysis of Case 2 For case 2, (refer Figure 4) is to reduce the standard time that is using for die setup. Figure 5 showed the graph before and after application of JIT. . ST Stamping Process Figure 4 Case 2 Winding 2566 2 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC RESEARCH (2 ICBER 2011) PROCEEDING d nd Figure 5 Graph Before and After Application of JIT (Case 2) 4. 2. 3 Analysis Case 3 For case 3, (refer Figure 6) is to reduce standard time for winding process. Figure 7show before and after application of JIT for Case 3. ST Winding Figure 6 Case 3 Packing 2567 2 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC RESEARCH (2 ICBER 2011) PROCEEDING nd nd Figure 7 Graph Before and After Application of JIT (Case 3) 4. 2. 4 Analysis Case 4 For case 4, (refer Figure 8) is to reduce standard time during packing and deli ver to warehouse. Figure 9 show the application of JIT before and after. ST PackingFigure 8 Case 4 Warehouse 2568 2 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC RESEARCH (2 ICBER 2011) PROCEEDING nd nd Figure 9 Graph Before and After Application JIT (Case 4) 5. Conclusion The purpose of this study is to make sure the application of concept Just In Time (JIT) at Electronics component industry especially at the stamping production. This chapter would discuss about the results of the analysis according to the objective and problem statement. The discussion would focus in authorized case at stamping production depend of the results that analyze from before and after the application of JIT.Besides that, this chapter also would discuss the suggestion. After the analysis, application JIT in inventory management at stamping production is depend on the activities infra (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) Raw material always in enough quantities. lay down in process always at the minimum quantities. Finished good would directly deliver to buyers. Wasting work in process seldom occur. Buffer stocks always at the minimum quantity. Delivering raw material depends on demand only. Space for inventories is small. Time table scheduling is made by the suppliers.Delivering materials is more often and only at small size. 2569 2 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC RESEARCH (2 ICBER 2011) PROCEEDING nd nd (x) (xi) (xii) yen term relationship is built between suppliers. Suppliers is advised to use the application of Just in Time (JIT) , and The employers should give the commitment on inventories and quality. Besides that, researcher has little suggestion to the upcoming interested researchers with the concept of Just in Time. The suggestions are (i) this research only limited at one factory which is Electronics component industry.The next researcher should broaden their scope of study (ii) Future study on the application of JIT concept especially in the purchasing and engineering level and further study about the elements associated with JIT. References Bowen, D. E. & Youngdahl, W. E. (1998). Lean renovation In Defence of A Production-Line Approach. International Journal of Service Industry Management. 9(3). 207-225. Canel, C. , et al. (2000). Just-in-time Is Not Just for Manufacturing A Service Perspective. Industrial Management and Data System. 100(2). 51-60 Chase R. B. , et al. (2001). Operations Management for Competitive Advantage. th ed. N. Y. McGraw-Hill. 394-417. Forza, C. (1996). Work Organization in Lean Production and Traditional Plants What Are the differences?. International Journal of Operation and Production Management. 16(2). 42-62. Salaheldin, S. I. (2005). JIT death penalty in Egptian Manufacturing Firms Some Emperical Evidence. International Journal of Operation and Production Management. 25(4). 354-370. Simpson, M. , et al. (1998). Case Study perfunctory JIT as Proton Cars, Distribution and Logistics Ma nagement. 28(2). 121-142. Malaysia. International Journal of Physical Stevenson, G. (2001).Just-in-time The Reincarnation of Past Theory and Practice. Management Decision. 39(10). 866-879. Wafa, M. A. , et al. (1996). The impress of Supplier Proximity on JIT Success An Information Perspective. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management. 26(4). 23-34. Yasin, M. Y. , et al. (2001). Just-in-time instruction execution in the Public Sector. International Journal of Operation and Production Management. 21(9). 1195-1204 Zhu, Z. & Meredith, P. H. (1995). Defining Critical Elements in JIT Implementation A Survey. Industrial Management and Data System. 95(8). 21-28. 2570

Is Rosalind the Perfect Heroine? Essay

As You Like It, is yet another Shakespearian twist that pities nature against civilisation, masculinity against femininity, high-mindedness against cynicism, youth against age, child against p bent, time against timelessness, and love against hate. Its both(prenominal) a gentle, pastoral comedy of love, and a dark and conjure upu on the wholey ambiguous com handst on gender construction. Rosalind as a theatrical affair is both a heroine and a portrayal of feminism.The evolution of feminine identity geniushin a patriarchal brass of billet informs both the setting and mooringization of this play.Rosalind dominates the play. As the audience we fully realise the complexity of her eccentric person. We rede her emotions, her subtle thoughts, and the fullness of her character that no other character in the play flush toilet match.She is boffo as a knowledgeable and charming critic of herself and othersI would give him several(prenominal) good advise for himself, for he seem s to bedevil the quotidian of love above him.The com ment of a heroine looked up in a dictionary is a woman possessing heroic qualities or a woman who has performed heroic whole shebang.This definition rout out be subjective however depending on the context and the time in which the heroines character was portrayed. The definition of a heroine changes and evolves over time which is why what a modern audience would class a heroine characterisations is divers(prenominal) to the definition of a heroine during the Elizabethan times. The traditional method takes the idea that all characters are real and lease lives of their own. This is very different to the modern method as it is structured around the idea that characters are all functions that portray Shakespeares ideas. They are all part of Shakespeares stage craft.They reflect the bigger tone of the play. They all have particular dramatic functions, and are set in a social and governmental world noush particular values and beliefs. Looking at a play from a traditional memory access is a to a greater extent imaginative and less academic, however this does allow the audience to become involved and emotionally attached to the characters. This way of approaching a play was used in the time of Shakespeare as plays were make purely for performance. Features of a 17th century heroine differs from a modern day heroine. In the Elizabethan times, beauty, innocence, intelligence, wit and independence would have been classed as heroine qualities. A modern day heroine is thought to be a person that has strength of character, a courageous and original person. Nowadays facial features and beauty does not really face as a heroic quality. hitherto perceptions and ideas of heroines differ from one person to another and this needs to be kept in mind.The portrayal of Rosalind is open to interpretations. It has been construe differently by different versions of performances and films. It has also been interpreted dif ferently by different characters in the play. Celia sees Rosalind (G eachmede) as someone who has misused our sex. Other characters desire phebe fall in love with (Ganymede) I love Ganymede. In Elizabethan times Rosalind would be viewed as a very feminine character who was at liberty when dressed as a male. This is because in the Elizabethan era, women were viewed as universe weak and men as being in control and indicantful. hence when a woman was dressed as a man she was at more liberty and could do things that she couldnt have through with(p) if she was in form of a woman. Nowadays Rosalind can be viewed a tomboy. Rosalind is a particular favourite amongst the feminist critics, who admire her ability to subvert the limitations that the company imposes on her as a woman. With boldness and imagination she disguises herself as a young man for most of the play in order to woo the man she loves and instructs him in how to be a more accomplished and attentive lover, a tutorship wh ich would not be welcome to her as a woman.You shall neer take her without her answer, unless you take her without her tongue. O that woman cannot make her fault her husbands occasion, let her nurse hr child herself, for shell bestow forth it like a fool. Rosalind and Celia develop into women. In the court these are inexperienced girls, yet as the singular action moves forward, they are forced to take on disguises and discover what it means to be a woman. Rosalind derives her power from her masculine disguise, and much of her humour is antifeminine. It can be said that this detracts her from being a perfect heroine. She can not exercise such power and control when being simply herself. Its Celia who actually makes the graduation exercise step into adult heterosexual womanhood. Shes angry over Rosalinds boorish behaviour as Ganymede, Celia berates her cousin and says we must have your doublet and hose plucked over your head, and guide the world what the bird hath done to her ow n nest.As mentioned before Rosalinds character is open to a myriad of readings. Harold Bloom describes her as a character that is at once so accomplished in wit, and so little implicated in the power that great wit can bring if properly exercised. Completely contradicting this, Camille Paglia writes Rosalind and Ganymede pretend to be a rakish lady killer and, at her assumption of that sexual persona, actually becomes one. She is all sex and power. Such critical disagreements are not uncommon for plays such as As You like It. In my opinion both of these critics are right in what they say. However Paglia is a bit too partial and biased. I understand her point about Rosalind being all sex and power, but I disagree with her saying that shes a radish lady killer.In my opinion Rosalind is a character that challenges feminism. When dressed as Ganymede she portrays the thoughts of men at the time. Shakespeare uses Rosalind to institutionalize this point across. That is the fact that at the time men misrepresented and repressed women. This is quite ironic as Rosalind is herself a womanly and the fact that at some points during the play, she puts females down is due to the fact that shes trying to act like a man and the men at the time had these types of approach and attitudes towards females. In my opinion shes not acting the way she does to put women down, but to argue the audience how ridiculous it is for men to behave that way towards women and to introduce dramatic mockery into the play. In my opinion Rosalind is a perfect heroine, however like any character or any other human being she has fatal flows which in this case has been sheltered by her virtues of character.I completely agree with Bloom on his describing of Rosalind. He also says that shes harmoniously balanced and beautifully of sound mind(predicate), which again I consent with. However he says that Rosalind is not interested in the power that her wit brings her. I opine that Rosalind as a char acter is well aware of the power that she has as Ganymede and the power that her wit brings her. I do also think that shes interested in the power that being dressed as a man gives her and she enjoys using that supremacy.In my opinion Rosalind is a manipulative character (in a positive way) and can be described as a heroine in most cases. When Orlando asks her if she is a native of the forest, Rosalind makes an ambiguous remark about being as much of a native as a rabbit is to the brand where it is born. Here we see how she uses her wit to protect her disguise. In other words, she never quite answers the question directly. She uses this kind of verbal sidestepping again in act V, scene2, when she says that she is in love with no woman and that shell unify phebe if she is going to marry any woman at all. She also makes phebe promise that if she refuses to marry her, shell marry silvius. Rosalind evades the other characters through her use of language, but she does so far one purpo se and that is to check a happy ending to the play. In my opinion this makes her a genuine heroine.As mentioned before Rosalind subverts the characteristic role of women in the Elizabethan period. She has great wit and wordplay and this is subversive of Shakespeare to bequeath a female with such qualities. One of the reasons that this play would have been counted as a comedy is the fact that the audience would have found Rosalinds courage and wit quite funny and they would not have taken it seriously. However Shakespeare would perhaps have wanted to get a very serious and important point across. virtually people believe that Shakespeare was a feminist and this is the point to prove it. He could have chosen to endue these qualities to another male character, but he chose a female character to reflect on all of these points.Some feminists are keen to stress the utter conquering of women in Elizabethan society in all areas of life economic, domestic, sexual, familial and personal. Whilst it is certainly true that women were in no way regarded as adjoin to men in official aspects of life, the plays have an important part to play as pieces of evidence as about the status of women in this period. They are not separate from their background but part of our ground about womens lives in this period. This plays has a strong emphasis on the importance of gender at the time and the limitations that females were under due to this. Shakespeare uses Rosalind to undermine this and to illustrate that women can be as witty as men. However significantly and in a sense ironically she is only able to show this to the audience when she is disguised as a male. She is the supreme representation of the possibilities of human personality if on that point is freedom and if oppression can be overcome. She also shows the possibilities of female ability once liberated which in Rosalinds case is liberty in disguise.At court Rosalinds status was lower than Celias, for Celia was the d aughter of the ruling duke indoors ten days if that thou beest found so near our public court as twenty dollar bill miles, thou diest for it.Inn the forest of Arden, Rosalind dressed as a man, has higher status and Celias role almost fades away.The play has been under a lot of political criticism. It is possible that Shakespeare wrote the play for political reasons. It is a play that describes character like Rosalind and Celia fleeing from the oppression and coercion that they had to deal with when they were at court. Duke Fredrick has beenAssociated with Queen Elizabeth for his vindictive deeds towards his own daughter and Rosalind. The play is about power and social structure. The court is seen as being the place of higher classed people, whereas the Forest of Arden is supposed to be for the undersides of the society (at the time) like women, exiles, outcasts and people in lower status. The play describes the court as being a patriarchal society and the forest as being a place of justice and equality. However we find out that this is not the case as there are wealthy landowners that enrich themselves of the poor. Phebe and Silvius are examples of these as they are shepherds that work for a rich and cruel man.This goes to show that the forest has the same hierarchy structure as the court. Shakespeare could have been trying to portray the fact that theres always injustice in enclosures.The end of the play is very significant to the irony of the play. Rosalind loses her independence, self-reliance and freedom when she gets married to Orlando and when she takes off Ganymedes clothes to you I give myself, for I am yours. This is so ironic as after all of Rosalinds efforts and all of Shakespeares efforts to portray her as a witty, intelligent character and aFeminist, she has gone back to being her old powerless self. I think that Shakespeare did this to show the audience that things like antifeminism had to be established and dealt with properly. I think that Sh akespeare wanted to bring to light the fact that it wasnt good enough that Rosalind did all the things that she did, as at the end of the day, Orlando had more power over her and he was in control and she dedicated herself to him. Shakespeare was telling the women n the audience that they would never have rights if they didnt stick up for themselves and if they didnt manage to get feminism established.Shakespeare transforms Rosalinds character throughout the play. From a love struck powerless girl to a dignified, aloof woman who managed to manipulate and influence other characters like Orland (the hero) and Phebe (Ganymedes lover). Rosalind becomes a very sardonic, scathing and witty character to show that women can be as derisive and satirical as men if they were given the opportunity to be. She fulfils a very important role and a very significant dramatic function. Then he allows her to put to work back to her original, immobilized character to show that there had to be a vital c hange in society otherwise women are never going to get the respect that they truly deserve if the society wasnt revolutionised and modified.

Malaysian Economy Essay

The Malaysian economy is evaluate to strengthen further and projected to farm at a faster rate of 4.5% to 5.5% in 2013 supported by improving exports and strong interior(prenominal) demand.In the economical Report 2012/2013 released by the Ministry of Finance (MoF) last Fri solar day, it express the assumption was based on the global poseth that will pick up especially during the second-half of 2013 (2H13). It give tongue to that it was also premised upon the expectation of an pull ahead in the resolution of a debt crisis in the euro-area and stronger ageth in the economies of Malaysias major trading partners.The Economic Report 2012/2013 was released in conjunction with the national Budget 2013 that was presented by the prime minister last Friday. It give tongue to that given that the municipalated economy is evaluate to strengthen further in 2013 inflation is estimated to increase passably mitigated by further capacity expansion in the economy. On the supply side, gr owth in 2013 is judge to be broad-based supported by expansion in all sectors of the economy.Of significance, the external trade-related industries are envisaged to benefit from stronger global growth, particularly during the 2H13. It give tongue to that the services and manufacturing sectors are expected to contribute 4.2 percentage points to the hoggish domestic product growth.MoF said that the prospects in the services sector are expected to bear upbeat in 2013, with the accelerated implementation with major initiatives under the National Key Result Areas and continued investment in the seven services subsectors under the National Key Economic Areas. It said that these initiatives are expected to labour the wholesale and retail trade, finance and insurance, and communication subsectors, which are expected to grow 6.8%, 5.2% and 8.2% (2012 5.7% 4.2% 9.3%) respectively.On the value-added of the manufacturing sector, MoF said that it is expected to grow 4.9%, (2012 4.2%) with e xport oriented industries expected tobenefit from the high growth of global trade, while domestic oriented industries expand in livestock with better consumer sentiment and business confidence.MoF said that the electrical and electronic (E&E) subsector is expected to grow further, driven by higher demand for electronic equipment and parts as intumesce as semiconductors in line with recovery in advanced economies.On the agricultural sector, MoF said that it is expected to grow 2.4% (20120.6%) following the recovery in the output of plantation commodities.MoF said that the action of crude deal oil is envisaged to rebound 2.5% to 18.9 million tonnes (2012 -2.5% 18.4 million tonnes) on account of expanded matured areas to 4.44 million hectares (2012 4.38 million hectares).On the mining sector, the report said that it is expected to expand 2.7% (2012 1.5%) on account of higher production of crude oil and natural gas. Production of crude oil is projected to increase 3.6% to 600,000 barrels per day (bpd) (2012 1.6% 579,000 bpd) due to higher regional demand, said MoF. It added that several new oil fields are expected to start production in 2013, contributing to higher production of crude oil.On the construction sector, MoF said that it is envisaged to expand strongly at 11.2% (2012 15.5%) with all the subsectors registering steady growth. On the domestic demand, MoF said that it is expected to grow at 5.6% (2012 9.4%) and will remain the main driver of growth in 2013 underpinned by strong mystical sector expenditure.The report added that private consumption is projected to expand 5.7% (2012 7%) on account of higher disposable income arising from better employment outlook, firm commodity prices and the wealth effect from the stable performance on the stock market following strong domestic economic activities.On private investment, Malaysia is expected to seat a strong growth of 13.3% in 2013 (2012 11.7%) attributed to the ongoing implementation of the Economi c Transformation Programme projects.MoF said that public investment will continue to support growth and is expected to expand 4.2% in 2013 (2012 15.9%) driven by higher capital outlays by the non-financial public enterprises (NFPEs) and development expenditure by the federal government.It said that capital of the NFPEs will focus on the upstream oil and gas, transport, communication and utility industries. It added that in line with the expansion in domestic economic activities, national income in current prices is expected to increase 7.8% in 2013. The report also said that gross national savings is expected to expand strongly by 11.1%, with the private sector accounting 72.3% of total savings.On the balance of payments, MoF said that it is projected to remain prospering with current account continuing to record a higher surplus of RM71.9 billion or 7.3% of the gross national income.It said that the surplus in the goods account is projected to expand RM126.5 billion. In 2013, expo rts are estimated to grow 3.9% (2012 2.4%) supported by higher commodity exports and improving global E&E demand.The MoF said that inline with change magnitude domestic activity as as to meet increased inputs for the manufacturing sector, imports are projected to grow at a faster rate of 5.2% (2012 6.5%).On the services account, the report said that it is expected to improve with a lower deficit of RM8.2 billion driven by large surplus in the travel account, following expectations higher tourist arrivals.MoF said that other components in the services account are expected to remain a deficit.